铁路机车乘务员心理健康状况Meta分析

目的了解我国铁路机车乘务员整体心理健康状况,为评价及干预铁路机车乘务员心理健康提供科学依据。方法计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库,收集国内近10年有关铁路机车乘务员心理健康状况研究的文献,对符合纳入条件的文献进行Meta分析,以全国男性常模及2006年全国三省区正常男性人群为对照,采用RevMan4.2软件进行数据统计分析。结果符合纳入标准的文献计11篇,总样本量共计4 681人。统计结果显示,铁路机车乘务员除人际关系一项与全国男性常模比较差异无统计学意义外(Z=1.31,P>0.05),其他各项因子得分均高于全国男性常模及我国三省区正常男性人群,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论铁路机车乘务员心理健康状况总体水平较差,考虑机车乘务员职业的特殊性,其SCL-90常模有待建立。     

Trends in country and gender representation on editorial boards in anaesthesia journals: a pooled cross-sectional analysis

Evidence exists that women and people from low- and middle-income countries are under-represented on the editorial boards of medical journals. This may adversely influence the journal output. We conducted a pooled, cross-sectional evaluation of the editorial board membership of anaesthesia journals. We collected data on members of editorial boards from the founding year and at 5-yearly intervals until 2020. For each editor, we recorded gender, country of affiliation, World Bank income classification (1990 onwards) and editorial role (2020 only). The composite editorial board diversity score was calculated for each editorial board. We obtained complete data for the composition of editorial boards from all 30 journals for 2020, but for only 171 out of 304 editorial boards (56%) over the time period examined. In 2020, 409 out of 1973 (21%) were women (range across the editorial boards 0–39%) and 139 out of 1982 (7%) were from low-, low-middle- and upper-middle-income countries (range across the editorial boards 0–71%). In 2020, of editorial board positions with known seniority status, 109 out of 259 (42%) of women and 306 out of 960 (32%) of men were in senior roles. In the same year, 397 out of 1115 (36%) of people from high-income countries were in senior roles, compared with 19 out of 93 (20%) of people from upper-middle-income countries and 0 out of 14 (0%) people from lower-middle-income countries. The median composite editorial board diversity score was 4 (range 2–6) in 2020 – 5 or less suggests poor diversity, while 8 or more suggests good diversity. Women and people from low- and middle-income countries are under-represented on anaesthesia journal editorial boards. The editorial boards do not reflect the anaesthesia workforce and may act as a barrier to the publication of research produced by these groups. Urgent action is required to improve diversity.     

中西医结合治疗常见肝胆胰疾病的现状与展望

目前中西医结合诊疗形式主要是中医药治疗或中药与西药联合使用两种状态,均用现代诊断和疗效评价,虽缺乏理论突破,但在临床、科研实践中有了更多共识和创新。归纳和评述近10年来常见肝胆胰疾病治疗领域的临床、科研现状,采纳临床有明确疾病诊断且经过重大科研课题或有循证医学证据的疗效、成果,以及在核心期刊发表的论文。力求客观反映当前中西医结合治疗肝胆胰疾病的优效和研究热点,以期对本领域临床和科研有所启发。     

Sources of behavioral deviation modeled by early color preferences in quail. II. diathetic genes and the leftover variance “V e”

The sources of deviation from population-typical norms of variability were studied in relation to early approach preferences between colors in newly hatched Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Subjects were drawn from an unselected genetic control line, two genetic lines that were artificially selected for extreme blue and red preferences, their hybrids, and a large set of backcross and assortatively derived generations. Large progressive increases were observed with selection in the leftover (V _e ) component of F₁ variance and consistent additional variance increases in F₂ hybrids. Backcross genrrations exhibited greater than expected expression of the blue and red preference genes. Discussion differentiates between diathetic and normative influences in preference deviations and relates the increasedV _e to relaxed normative canalization of preference development by directional selection.This work was supported by Grant 5-R01-HD06770 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, by Research Scientist Award 5-K05-MH20140 from the National Institute of Mental Health, and by The Menninger Clinic.