Sex and Strain Differences in Whole Skeletal Development in the Rat

The dry weight and calcium content of whole skeletons was determined in both male and female weanling, adolescent, and mature rats of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat strains. Dry skeletal mass, calculated as percent of body mass (%BM), increased with maturity in each strain. In adolescent and mature animals, skeletal development (%BM) was greater in female rats. SHR showed greater skeletal development (%BM) than normotensive rat strains and this difference was detectable even in weanling animals. Despite these age, strain, and gender-related differences in skeletal development, the calcium content per unit skeletal mass was identical among the various groups examined. Regression analysis of the plot of skeletal mass as a function of body mass indicated that only a portion of mature skeletal development was related to body mass. The results show that skeletal mass developed in the rat is only partially determined by structural support demands. Received: 11 November 1996 / Accepted: 24 March 1997     

洗衣店四氯乙烯的危害与控制

正确评价干洗剂对人体的毒副作用 ,合理地设定干洗过程挥发性有害物质的残留限量 ,是开发绿色干洗服务的先决条件。只有在充分保证环境安全的前提下 ,通过逐步推行无公害化学清洁产品来规范企业的环境行为 ,才能最终实现干洗业的可持续发展     

大鼠实验性干眼的角结膜上皮组织学改变

目的 建立大鼠干眼模型并进行评价,比较正常大鼠和干眼大鼠角结膜上皮组织形态学特点。方法 采用苯扎氯铵滴眼诱导大鼠出现干眼,麻醉后处死动物,取正常大鼠和干眼大鼠角结膜组织行HE染色,及电镜下观察大鼠角结膜超微结构。结果 干眼大鼠角膜上皮和结膜上皮出现上皮细胞缺失,结膜上皮杯状细胞减少,电镜下观察干眼大鼠角膜结膜上皮细胞微绒毛缺失,断裂,出现基底膜溶解,细胞内线粒体溶解。结论 苯扎氯铵诱导的大鼠干眼模型与人干眼发生后角膜结膜发生的改变相似,此干眼模型在动物实验研究中具有重要的参考价值。     

生化部分常规项目干湿化学检测结果一致性分析

目的 干湿化学分析仪对9项生化检验结果进行比对分析和偏倚评估,了解两检测系统的一致性,以及能否共用湿化学分析法参考区间.方法 依照美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI) EP9-A2文件,以日立7600全自动生化分析仪为参比方法,美国强生VITROS 5600全自动生化免疫分析仪为实验方法,对血糖、尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、钾、钠、氯、钙、磷测定的结果进行方法学比对、相关性分析和偏倚评估,并判断偏倚是否可以接受.对临床不可接受的项目依据两方法的线性回归方程进行校正,并对校正后的结果再进行相关性分析和临床可接受性评价.最后对各自的参考区间进行验证.结果 两种方法测定血糖、尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、钾、钠、氯、钙、磷相关系数r2≥0.95,血糖、尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、钾、钠、氯、钙医学决定水平的系统误差均小于允许偏差EA的1/2,磷医学决定水平的系统误差大于允许偏差EA的1/2,校正干化学仪参数后,磷相关系数r2≥0.95,磷医学决定水平的系统误差小于允许偏差EA的1/2.9项生化项目的参考区间验证均合格.结论 两检测系统血糖、尿素氮、肌酐、尿酸、钾、钠、氯、钙有可比性,磷经校正后相关性良好,有可比性,经参考区间验证,可共用参比方法的参考区间.     

连翘叶提取工艺优选

目的 优化连翘叶提取工艺,为制备连翘叶速溶茶奠定基础.方法 采用正交试验,考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、回流时间和回流次数4个因素对连翘苷、连翘酯苷A、芦丁的质量分数和出膏率的影响.结果 优选的工艺为:6倍量体积分数50％乙醇,提取2次,每次0.5 h;其中回流次数对连翘叶提取工艺的影响具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 优化后的提取工艺稳定可靠,可为进一步制备连翘叶速溶茶提供参考.     

汪悦运用药对治疗干燥综合征经验举隅

干燥综合征临床可见多种证型,汪悦教授根据其不同特点,以养阴润燥、通络行滞为治疗大法,分别选用生津润燥、滋阴清热、益气养阴、补脾益阴、补益肝肾、活血通络之药对辨证治疗,疗效满意。     

A Comparison of the Pulmonary Bioavailability of Powder and Liquid Aerosol Formulations of Salmon Calcitonin

PURPOSE: To compare the pulmonary pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of salmon calcitonin delivered as aqueous droplets, pH 6.6 and pH 4.8 with that of a spray dried powder in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Spray dried powders (1.6 microm [GSD 2.1]) containing 5% by wt. sCal, 6.25% human serum albumin, 73.55% mannitol and 15% citric acid/sodium citrate were prepared using a Buchi model 190 spray drier. Aqueous solutions were prepared by dissolving the spray dried powder at a sCal concentration of 1.25 mg/ml, pH was adjusted using 21 mM sodium hydroxide. Aerosols were delivered as part of a 4 way cross-over study to 16 healthy volunteers. The Nektar pulmonary delivery device was used to deliver the dry powder aerosol. A Salter nebulizer controlled by a Rosenthal dosimeter was used to deliver the aqueous aerosols. Miacalcin injection was used as the subcutaneous control. Dose delivered to the lung was estimated by gamma scintigraphy. Plasma concentrations of sCal were measured using a radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Aerosol size distributions were matched, 3.3 microm MMAD and approximately 2.2 GSD. Inhaled flow rates were similar, although not equal, 5.8 and approximately 9.8 l/min respectively for dry powder and liquid inhalations. Lung doses of sCal ranged from 53 to 88 microgm, peripheral lung doses from 25 to 51 microgm. Pharmacokinetic profiles and lung bioavailability relative to subcutaneous injection for all formulations were similar (not statistically significantly different p > 0.05), relative lung bioavailability ranged from 11% to 18%, estimates of relative bioavailability based on peripheral lung dose ranged from 20% to 33%. CONCLUSION: The study showed no difference in pharmacokinetic profiles between the various aerosol dosage forms. pH of the aqueous solutions did not affect kinetics or relative bioavailability.     

基于体内过程的关黄柏在知柏地黄丸等类方配伍环境下血中移行成分分析

目的：本研究主要探讨了关黄柏在特定配伍环境下血中移行成分与功效取向的相关性。方法：研究应用UPLC-HD-MS/MS联用技术建立关黄柏及知柏地黄丸等类方口服给药后大鼠血中移行成分分析方法。采用主成分分析（PCA）及正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）阐明不同的方剂配伍环境下关黄柏体内成分表达的差异,探索与关黄柏功效显著相关的潜在药效物质基础。结果：关黄柏在知柏地黄丸等类方中出现了23个共有血中移行成分,OPLS-DA分析充分挖掘了7个与关黄柏退虚热功效显著相关的血中移行成分及6个与关黄柏清热燥湿功效显著相关的血中移行成分。结论：本研究首次建立关黄柏在知柏地黄丸等类方中体内成分分析方法,初步阐明了关黄柏在类方中的配伍规律及其发挥退虚热及清热燥湿功效的药效物质基础。     

Intrusive luxation: a case report

Abstract –  Intrusive luxation is one of the most severe types of dental trauma. The occurrence of pulp necrosis in intruded teeth with open apices is 100%. The risk of development of inflammatory or replacement root resorptions is high. Thus, endodontic intervention is required soon after the occurrence of trauma, in an attempt to prevent or delay the appearance of such lesions. On the other hand, the access to the root canal is difficult, as the crown is intruded. A multidisciplinary approach comprising Surgery, Orthodontics and Endodontics is required to allow exposure of the crown, orthodontic extrusion and onset of endodontic therapy. The patient GCSA, aged 15 years, attended the community project 'Lugar de dente é na boca' ('teeth should be in the mouth') of the Federal University of Goiás, Brazil, 1 week after complete intrusion of the right maxillary central incisor. Radiographic examination revealed that the incisal edge of this tooth was at the level of the crown-root interface of the adjacent teeth. After surgical exposure of the crown, pulp sensitivity was evaluated and was found to be negative. After onset of endodontic therapy, the patient was referred for orthodontic extrusion of the intruded tooth. Successive changes of root canal dressing were performed and the root canal was definitely obturated at 3 years and 6 months after onset of treatment. The present paper reports on a case of severe intrusive luxation, discusses the different treatments recommended for repositioning of traumatically intruded teeth, and questions the ideal period of maintenance of calcium hydroxide dressing in the root canal, in an attempt to prevent the occurrence of root resorption and repair any existing resorption.