青豌豆气调包装工艺及其质量评价

摘要：包装内气氛与包装材料选择性透气性是影响果蔬气调包装质量的主要因素。对青豌豆采用6组不同初始气体组分、3种包装材料进行气调包装，在5℃，相对湿度85％的环境下贮藏7d后，测定青豌豆的相关质量指标，并与未包装产品进行比较，结果表明气调包装对青豌豆保鲜效果显著；在此基础上，用主成分分析法构造了气调包装产品质量的综合评价模型，对气调包装青豌豆质量进行综合评价，得出青豌豆气调包装的最佳初始气体组分，分析了不同包装材料对青豌豆气调包装质量的影响。     

早期尘肺病的肺功能评定和劳动能力鉴定探讨

目的：为探讨早期尘肺病患者肺功能评定及其劳动能力鉴定中的应用。方法：本文做了Ⅰ期77例尘肺病人通过临床表现即呼吸困难的判定、高仟伏X线胸片检查、肺功能测定等检查进行了肺功能损伤分级及劳动能力鉴定。结果：矽肺组的肺功能较铸工尘肺明显下降。吸烟组肺功能测定结果低于不吸烟者，尤其是矽肺组，两组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。77例尘肺病例中，44例尘肺病人为轻度损伤，其中矽肺33例，铸工尘肺11例，可定为伤残六级，33例尘肺肺功能测定正常，全部为铸工尘肺，伤残等级为七级。结论：我们测定的四项指标中有2项或2项以上指标有改变，并结合临床结果一致时，可诊断为该级别肺功能损伤较为合理。     

NEP1-40和甲基强的松龙联合治疗对脊髓修复的影响

目的：探讨甲基强的松龙（MP）和NEP1-40联合治疗对大鼠脊髓损伤后脊髓的功能恢复的影响。方法：选用SD大鼠60只,随机分为联合治疗组、MP治疗组、NEP1-40治疗组和对照组4组。建立大鼠中段胸部脊髓后半部横切模型。MP的给药方法为术后30 min内经鼠尾静脉给予MP 30 mg/kg,后给予剂量5.4 mg/（kg.h）,持续23 h;NEP1-40的给药方法为术后3 d于硬膜下管给予NEP1-40 12.5μg/（20μl PBS.d）,连续7 d。对照组给予等量生理盐水。不同时间点进行运动诱发电位（MEP）测定和行为学评价。结果：联合治疗组大鼠潜伏期延迟时间较MP、NEP1-40治疗组和对照组短,5 w时接近正常,其P1波的潜伏时间为5.42 ms,N1波的潜伏时间为5.55 ms（P〈0.01）,其BBB运动评分5 w时为17分（P〈0.01）;联合治疗组的空洞面积百分比不到对照组的一半（P〈0.01）;NF200阳性染色的神经元数目为20.19个/1000μm^2。结论：MP和NEP1-40联合治疗可减少病变范围,减轻白质纤维脱髓鞘病变,增多NF200阳性神经元数目,促进神经再生,改善由于脊髓后半横切所引发的脊髓电生理的障碍,促进了脊髓功能恢复。在治疗脊髓损伤时,MP与NEP1-40有协同作用,促进脊髓功能恢复。     

Autologous implantation of chondrocytes on a solid collagen scaffold: clinical and histological outcomes after two years of follow-up

Abstract From our overall experience in 56 patients, we here report the treatment with matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) of 35 patients suffering from knee cartilage defects measuring about 4 cm², and followed for a minimum of 6 months. A total of 36 knees were treated (1 patient on both knees) and clinically observed for 22 months (in some cases for over 39 months), in accordance with a standardised protocol. Subjective parameters (pain, well-being, functional state, symptoms during specific activity) and objective outcomes (IKDC score and Lysholm and Tegner scores) were recorded. One or 2 years after implantation, some biopsies of the regenerated cartilage were histologically evaluated. The subjective parameters (VAS pain score, 2.80±1.49, p<0.0001; change vs. basal score, 2.72) promptly normalized after 1 month, as did the objective ones (IKDC score after 6 months, 1.53±0.59, p<0.0001; change vs. basal score, 1.78). Similar results were observed after the treatment of a femoropatellar kissing lesion. The three cartilage biopsies that were analysed from different patients showed a tissue positivity to immunohistochemical markers of hyaline cartilage. The conclusions of this preliminary analysis are that the clinical outcome and histological evaluation suggest that MACI is able to relieve pain and restore the functionality of the knee, and that the treatment appears capable of regenerating hyaline cartilage.     

低温保存动脉的粘弹性力学评价指标的初步建立

目的 建立低温保存动脉的粘弹性力学评价指标.方法 使用动态力学分析仪(DMA-2980, TA Instruments, New Castle, Delaware, USA) 比较研究不同低温保存方案下动脉蠕变行为与新鲜对照组的差异.结果 低温保存动脉相对新鲜对照组而言,其粘弹性均有损失;随降温速率的增加(1.5, 5, 10℃/min),其粘弹性损失趋于增加,即1.5℃/min 为本研究中最佳降温速率.结论 粘弹性力学性能是低温保存动脉的潜在的重要评价指标.     

Socioeconomic differences in food preference and their influence on healthy food purchasing choices

Background: Studies have shown that socioeconomic groups differ in their dietary behaviours, and it has been suggested that these differences partly account for health inequalities between social groups. To-date, however, we have a limited understanding of why socioeconomic groups differ in their dietary behaviours. This paper addresses this issue by examining the relationship between socioeconomic status, food preference (likes and dislikes) and the purchase of 'healthy' food (i.e. food consistent with dietary guideline recommendations). Methods: This study was based on a dual-sample, dual-method research design. One sample was systematically selected from the Australian Commonwealth electoral roll and the data collected using a mail-survey methodology (81% response rate, n =403). The second consisted of a convenience sample of economically disadvantaged people recruited via welfare agencies (response rate unknown, n =70). A mail survey methodology was deemed inappropriate for this sample, so the data were collected by personally delivering the questionnaire to each respondent. Results: Socioeconomic groups differed significantly in their food purchasing choices and preferences. The food choices of respondents in the welfare sample were the least consistent with dietary guideline recommendations, and they reported liking fewer healthy foods (all results were independent of age and sex). Notably, socioeconomic differences in preference explained approximately 10% of the socioeconomic variability in healthy food purchasing behaviour. Conclusion: Whilst it is not clear why socioeconomic groups differ in their food preferences, possible reasons include: reporting bias, differential exposure to healthy food as a consequence of the variable impact of health promotion campaigns, structural and economic barriers to the procurement of these foods, and subculturally specific beliefs, values, meanings, etc.     

上海市药品费用控制现状及对策（上）

本研究对上海市自1993年在全国率先实施药品报销范围政策以来所取得的成效进行了系统的评价。研究表明，上海市《药品报销范围》经过4年的实践和完善，在控制药品数量、保证群众基本用药、确保药品质量、加强用药监督以及合理控制药品费用增长等方面发挥了积极的作用，并详细分析了这一政策实施过程中存在的问题，提出了上海市职工医疗保险药品政策改革分步实施的目标和计划建议。将有利于医药产业的协调发展和医药费用的合理控制．成为完善上海市社会医疗保险政策的重要组成部分。     

高危人群微量乙肝疫苗免疫效果动态观察

采用微量乙肝疫苗（总剂量为６μｇ）对ＨＢＶ高流行区居民进行随机对照研究，免疫Ⅰ组（疫苗＜８℃保存）Ｔ１２抗体阳转率和保护率分别为９０．８％和８７．０％，和对照组相比，差异显著（Ｐ均＜０．００１）；和常规剂量（总剂量９０μｇ）比，其抗体阳转率和保护率基本相同。提示ＨＢＶ高流行区可用微量乙肝苗代替常量乙肝苗进行预防接种。免疫Ⅰ组和免疫Ⅱ组（乙肝疫苗室温保藏２８℃±）免疫效果和保护率基本相同，认为室温条件下乙肝疫苗６个月内效价不变。     

The dietary intake of homeless males sleeping rough in Central London

Data concerning the food and beverage intake (including alcohol) of 79 males, aged 19–50 years, sleeping rough in Central London, who did not appear to be under the influence of drink, drugs or suffering from mental illness were collected by prompted 24-h recall and food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The source of food was noted and the subjects were asked about food availability and food needs. The group had intakes significantly lower than Dietary Reference Values (DRV) for the UK for energy, carbohydrate, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), folate, zinc and magnesium. Significantly higher values were seen for protein, fat, vitamin B₁₂, calcium and iron. Alcohol intake was higher than that assumed to approximate current intakes of the UK population. Mean macronutrient intakes for the group were similar to means for British adult men (OPCS, 1990), only protein and NSP were significantly lower. The FFQ showed very low consumption/week of fruit, vegetables, salad, fruit juice and wholewheat/brown products. Organized charities provided the major source of food energy for the group as a whole. Self-supplied sources provided the major source of total energy. It is suggested that the group may benefit from an increase in dietary fibre and energy, with an increase in the proportion of energy supplied by carbohydrate and a reduction in energy from fat and alcohol. A varied supply of food and hot meals during weekends as well as during the week may benefit the group both aesthetically and nutritionally. It may be advisable to increase the supply of wholemeal/brown bread, fruits, vegetables and salad foods without decreasing the energy content of the food available.     

住院医师临床技能评估方法探讨

该文总结了安徽省立医院住院医师培训情况,提出了必须引入实践性考核作为住院医师临床技能考核的主要方式。根据临床技能评价的项目,制定了内科、外科、影像科住院医师临床技能评估指标体系,确立了临床技能考核的原则,并组织实施。这种评估方法能全面考核住院医师的临床技能,但在新的医疗形势下,需建立相关配套措施来保证实施。