全文获取类型
收费全文 | 323324篇 |
免费 | 26233篇 |
国内免费 | 7164篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 4190篇 |
儿科学 | 7213篇 |
妇产科学 | 6056篇 |
基础医学 | 24544篇 |
口腔科学 | 12323篇 |
临床医学 | 32942篇 |
内科学 | 34530篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4323篇 |
神经病学 | 17089篇 |
特种医学 | 9599篇 |
外国民族医学 | 48篇 |
外科学 | 30778篇 |
综合类 | 53827篇 |
现状与发展 | 26篇 |
一般理论 | 29篇 |
预防医学 | 35822篇 |
眼科学 | 4223篇 |
药学 | 29017篇 |
542篇 | |
中国医学 | 32298篇 |
肿瘤学 | 17302篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1252篇 |
2023年 | 5902篇 |
2022年 | 10942篇 |
2021年 | 14678篇 |
2020年 | 14652篇 |
2019年 | 15155篇 |
2018年 | 13515篇 |
2017年 | 12351篇 |
2016年 | 11916篇 |
2015年 | 11043篇 |
2014年 | 21449篇 |
2013年 | 23931篇 |
2012年 | 19514篇 |
2011年 | 20968篇 |
2010年 | 17138篇 |
2009年 | 15130篇 |
2008年 | 13921篇 |
2007年 | 14421篇 |
2006年 | 12666篇 |
2005年 | 10737篇 |
2004年 | 9077篇 |
2003年 | 8002篇 |
2002年 | 6425篇 |
2001年 | 5442篇 |
2000年 | 4597篇 |
1999年 | 3785篇 |
1998年 | 3100篇 |
1997年 | 2851篇 |
1996年 | 2401篇 |
1995年 | 2203篇 |
1994年 | 2008篇 |
1993年 | 1775篇 |
1992年 | 1544篇 |
1991年 | 1422篇 |
1990年 | 1195篇 |
1989年 | 1129篇 |
1988年 | 1108篇 |
1987年 | 980篇 |
1986年 | 874篇 |
1985年 | 2171篇 |
1984年 | 2338篇 |
1983年 | 1473篇 |
1982年 | 1946篇 |
1981年 | 1379篇 |
1980年 | 1193篇 |
1979年 | 1064篇 |
1978年 | 832篇 |
1977年 | 623篇 |
1976年 | 758篇 |
1975年 | 528篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Ludger Grote MD PhD Lena Leissner MD Jan Hedner MD PhD Jan Ulfberg MD PhD 《Movement disorders》2009,24(10):1445-1452
Iron deficiency may exacerbate symptoms in the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). We investigated the effect of intravenous iron sucrose or placebo on symptoms in patients with RLS and mild to moderate iron deficit. Sixty patients with primary RLS (seven males, age 46 (9) years, S‐ferritin ≤45 μg/L) recruited from a cohort of 231 patients were randomly assigned in a 12‐months double‐blind, multi‐centre study of iron sucrose 1000 mg (n = 29) or saline (n = 31). The primary efficacy variable was the RLS severity scale (IRLS) score at week 11. Median IRLS score decreased from 24 to 7 (week 11) after iron sucrose and from 26 to 17 after placebo (P = 0.123, N.S. for between treatment comparison). The corresponding scores at week 7 were 12 and 20 in the two groups (P = 0.017). Drop out rate because of lack of efficacy at 12 months was 19/31 after placebo and 5/29 patients after iron sucrose (Kaplan–Meier estimate, log rank test P = 0.0006) suggesting an iron induced superior long term RLS symptom control. Iron sucrose was well tolerated. This study showed a lack of superiority of iron sucrose at 11 weeks but found evidence that iron sucrose reduced RLS symptoms both in the acute phase (7 weeks) and during long‐term follow up in patients with variable degree of iron deficiency. Further studies on target patient groups, dosing and dosing intervals are warranted before iron sucrose could be considered for treatment of iron deficient patients with RLS. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society 相似文献
32.
In 2002/2005, separate energy requirement equations were generated by the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Dietary Reference Intake process for normal weight and overweight/obese children and adolescents. The current paper questions the theoretical rationale of having two sets of equations (based solely on body-weight classification): when body weight is considered, overweight and obese children and adolescents do not seem to differ from their normal weight counterparts in energy expended for basal metabolism or physical activity tasks. However, energy needs for weight maintenance among overweight/obese girls were consistently higher when predicted using the equations for overweight/obese individuals compared with those developed for normal weight individuals. In contrast, among overweight/obese boys, they were consistently lower . Although the differences are within the variability of the estimates, even theoretical support for a higher energy intake (as occurs in girls) seems unwise because of the potential contribution to a higher body mass in children who are already at risk. It is the opinion of the authors that the IOM revisit the use of two separate equations and generate one set that is appropriate for all children and adolescents. 相似文献
33.
Kathleen Hawker 《Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology》2009,12(4):221-225
B cells have recently been identified as an integral component of the immune system; they play a part in autoimmunity through antigen presentation, antibody secretion, and complement activation. Animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggest that myelin destruction is partly mediated through B cell activation (and plasmablasts). MS patients with evidence of B cell involvement, as compared to those without, tend to have a worse prognosis. Finally, the significant decrease in new gadolinium-enhancing lesions, new T2 lesions, and relapses in MS patients treated with rituximab (a monoclonal antibody against CD20 on B cells) leads us to the conclusion that B cells play an important role in MS and that immune modulation of these cells may ameliorate the disease. This article will explore the role of B cells in MS and the rationale for the development of B cell–targeted therapeutics. MS is an immune-mediated disease that affects over 2 million people worldwide and is the number one cause of disability in young patients. Most therapeutic targets have focused on T cells; however, recently, the focus has shifted to the role of B cells in the pathogenesis of MS and the potential of B cells as a therapeutic target. 相似文献
34.
With the advent of computerized databases, medical data has become easy to accumulate; however, effective use of this data continues to pose significant problems. In other circumstances, smoothing algorithms have been used to uncover non-obvious correlations, trends and relationships in noisy data. We have applied four such algorithms to a large dataset of postoperative blood replacement in cardiopulmonary bypass patients. When applied to this dataset, one of the algorithms proved surprisingly effective. It confirmed several previously observed correlations, and also provided an additional series of counterintuitive and apparently unrelated associations. These associations have been explored in an accompanying paper. 相似文献
35.
目的:探讨使用便携式微量输液泵在肿瘤化疗中持续输注氟尿嘧啶的应用效果。方法:选取我科2006年3月-2008年7月96例癌症化疗病人按入院先后顺序分为对照组和实验组,每组48例。对照组采用传统的化疗方式,采用浅静脉留置针直接从外周静脉输注氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)连续5天,每天维持6-8小时。实验组采用浅静脉留置针连接便携式微量输液泵持续泵入氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)120h~135h,两组均以21天为1个周期,观察两组病人化疗毒副反应发生情况。结果:实验组化疗毒副反应发生率明显低于对照组,平均住院时间明显缩短,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论:使用便携式微量输液泵持续泵入氟尿嘧啶能减轻病人的毒副反应,缩短住院时间,提高肿瘤病人生活质量,有效减轻护士的工作负担。 相似文献
36.
目的:观察喉罩全麻下行颈动脉狭窄的造影诊断及介入治疗术的临床效果。方法:择期DSA下颈动脉狭窄患者23例,年龄42-78岁,无明显肺部疾患及喉罩禁忌症患者,异丙酚(Pmpofol)泵入静脉全麻下插入喉罩完成手术,观察其不同时段的BP(MAP)、SpO2、HR、ECG(ST-Ⅱ)。结果:各时段的BP(MAP)、Sp02、HR、ECG(ST-Ⅱ)比较无显著性差异。结论:喉罩全麻在行颈动脉狭窄的造影诊断及介入治疗术的临床效果是肯定的。喉罩全麻颈动脉狭窄造影介入治疗 相似文献
37.
Kathleen Paul Pedro J. Garcia Lisa E. Manhart King K. Holmes Jane E. Hitti 《Social science & medicine (1982)》2009
A woman's partner and the characteristics of their partnership can play an important role in the health of her pregnancy. Yet, with the notable exception of intimate partner violence, there has been little previous research addressing the associations between partner- or partnership-related factors and birth outcomes. This analysis tested the hypothesis that risk factors related specifically to partner or partnership characteristics increased the risk for preterm birth. Between 2003 and 2005, a total of 580 preterm cases (20–36 weeks gestational age at delivery) and 633 term controls (≥37 weeks) were selected from women delivering at an obstetric hospital in Lima, Peru. Each woman completed a confidential, structured interview and provided biological specimens within 48 h after delivery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between partner and partnership characteristics and preterm birth. After adjustment for behavioral, demographic, and obstetric risk factors, ever having had a partner with a history of drug use (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.22–2.99), ever having had anal sex (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.07–1.84), having a current partner with a history of visiting prostitutes (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.22–2.33), and perceiving one's current partner as a “womanizer” (aOR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.02–1.77) were significantly associated with an elevated risk of preterm birth when tested in separate models. These four factors were then used to create a composite partnership risk score, which showed an increasing dose-response relationship with preterm birth risk (per additional partner risk factor: aOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.49). These results highlight the importance of considering a broader set of risk factors for preterm birth, specifically those related to a woman's partner and partnership characteristics. Further research could clarify the specific mechanisms through which these partner and partnership characteristics may increase the risk of preterm birth. 相似文献
38.
Lucio Lucchin Amleto D’Amicis Maria Gabriella Gentile Nino Carlo Battistini Maria Antonia Fusco Augusta Palmo Maurizio Muscaritoli Franco Contaldo Emanuele Cereda 《Mediterranean journal of nutrition and metabolism》2009,2(3):171-179
Aim and methods Nutrition, unhealthy lifestyles and cancer appear to be strictly related, but few authors have analysed the interest in dietary
information of cancer patients and their families. This survey was conducted in the Veneto area (Italy) to investigate the
concern of cancer patients and their family members about diet as a health tool before and after diagnosis of cancer.
Results Seven hundred and four questionnaires were collected: 380 from cancer patients and 324 from family members of cancer subjects.
Breast cancer (BC) was the most frequent disease for patients (61.8%) as well as families (26.5%). Generally, the importance
of having precise diet information after diagnosis is recognised by 40.3% of patients, with significant differences between
the various types of cancer: gastric and colon/rectum cancer (GCC) patients were more concerned than BC women about precise
information concerning a diet to follow immediately after diagnosis (p = 0.000, ODs = 3.10, CI 1.68–5.71) or during treatments (p = 0.001, ODs = 2.67, CI 1.46–4.89). The nutritional information is supplied to patients in 34% of cases and to relatives
in 30.3%, often from non-medical sources. In total healthcare workers (family doctor, oncologist, surgeon, dietician) represented
the exclusive source of dietary information for 24.9% of patients and 22.9% of family members. Diet after diagnosis changes
in 69.1% of GCC patients and in 39.2% of BC women. Relatives, particularly women, report difficulties preparing patients’
meals in 30.7% of cases, changes in the eating habits of the entire family in 29.9% and discontent connected with patients
diet in 13.9%. The concern about proper nutrition after diagnosis increases more in GCC subjects (p < 0.025) when compared to BC subjects and in patients with more recent diagnosis (p < 0.041) when compared with patients with diagnosis >5 years ago, while in family members the interest in diet after diagnosis
increases more in women than in men (p < 0.030) without other differences regarding the degree of relationship, type of cancer or diagnosis time. Relatives (92.7%)
have more interest in nutritional education than patients (74.9%). Cancer patients <65 years were more interested in educational
initiatives concerning nutrition (p = 0.000, ODs = 4.46, CI 2.6–7.4) than older patients (>65 years) and female subjects were more concerned than male patients
(p = 0.008, ODs = 2.11, CI 1.2–3.6).
Conclusions The interest in the dietary knowledge and in educational initiatives concerning nutrition is high in cancer patients and their
relatives, although it decreases with the age. The poor attention paid to nutrition of cancer patients by various healthcare
workers deserves consideration, since the psychophysical wellbeing and perhaps also survival of cancer patients can be improved
by correct dietary management, as well as, naturally, by the principal treatments themselves. 相似文献
39.
While much time has been spent deliberating about the definition of play, little emphasis has been placed on what children themselves perceive as play. The aim of the present study was to examine social context as a cue for children's perceptions of play and learning. Ninety-two children aged between four and six years (mean four years nine months) participated in the study and completed the Activity Apperception Story Procedure. Children were asked to sort photographic stimuli into those they believed depicted play/not play and learning/not learning. Each of the stimuli were identified by independent raters as containing one of the following social cues; teacher absence (solitary activity, parallel activity or cooperative activity) or teacher presence (teacher involved activity or teacher directed activity). Findings revealed that children associated teacher absence with play. More specifically, children made links between play and the presence of peers (parallel and cooperative activity). Findings are discussed in relation to play in the early years curriculum, differences in children's early educational experiences and the importance of understanding children's perceptions of play. 相似文献
40.
Two samples of kindergarten children's representation and understanding of written number symbols were examined in two time points in one academic year. About 85% of Chinese five year olds (mean = 5 years 10 months) were able to use conventional number symbols to represent the quantity of 30 or larger. At the end of the kindergarten year, 94% of Chinese six year olds (mean = 6 years 4 months) were able to use conventional number symbols to represent the quantity of 100 or larger. Some Chinese six year olds had problems in representing written addition and subtraction tasks. Children's ability to represent written number symbols, ability to represent written addition and subtraction formula and their performance on written addition and subtraction were closely related. The performance of children in a university-affiliated childcare center was better than that of the center serving working-class families in Time 1, but the performance reversed at the end of the kindergarten year. 相似文献