重型颅脑损伤患者去骨瓣减压联合天幕裂孔切开术后检测t-PA、PAI－1的临床意义

目的探讨血清、脑脊液中t-PA、PA1－1的测定在重型颅脑损伤患者行去骨瓣减压联合天幕裂孔切开术后的临床意义。方法采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定、比较50例重型颅脑损伤患者去骨瓣减压联合天幕裂孔切开术后24h、3d、1周、2周、3周及50例轻型颅脑损伤患者血清、脑脊液的t—PA、PAI-1水平。结果重型颅脑损伤组脑脊液及血清t-PA、PAI．1在各期均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）。GCS（3～5分）组瞄脊液及血清中此两项指标在伤后各阶段明显高于GCS（6～8分）组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。重型颅脑损伤预后良好组（n=28例）脑脊液及血清t—PA、PAI-1伤后各阶段均明显低于预后恶劣组（n=22例）,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论重型颅脑损伤后t-PA、PAI-1的变化可以反映脑实质损伤的严重程度,同时与预后呈负相关。通过临床上对重型颅脑损伤患者脑脊液及血清t-PA、PAI-1的检测．可以评估患者病情的严重程度及预后。     

标准大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死20例临床分析

目的评价标准大骨瓣减压术治疗大面积脑梗死的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年1月—2010年12月采用标准大骨瓣减压术治疗的20例大面积脑梗死患者的治疗效果。结果经1年随访,按照格拉斯哥预后评分(GCS),恢复良好10例,轻残4例,重残3例,植物生存1例,死亡2例。结论大面积脑梗死在内科保守治疗无效时,采用标准大骨瓣减压手术治疗,能有效缓解颅高压,明显改善患者愈后。     

多节段腰椎管狭窄症的治疗探讨

目的探讨多节段腰椎管狭窄症的手术方法,提出预防腰椎管狭窄症的措施。方法根据多节段腰椎管狭窄的成因、形式、范围和程度的不同采取不同的减压术式：全椎板切除治疗单纯中央管狭窄7例;全椎板切除＋小关节部分切除治疗严重的退变性中央管狭窄伴侧隐窝狭窄、神经根管狭窄和腰椎手术失败综合征（FBSS）引起的多节段继发性腰椎狭窄共12例：椎板间隙潜行扩大减压治疗椎板间水平的中央管狭窄伴侧隐窝狭窄、神经根管狭窄11例;半椎板切除和（或）交叉半椎板切除＋小关节部分切除治疗中央管一侧狭窄伴侧隐窝狭窄、神经根管狭窄8例;椎板开窗成形减压术治疗侧隐窝狭窄、神经根管狭窄20例。同时行椎间盘突出髓核摘除38例,合并腰椎不稳者行椎间、椎旁植骨融合或椎间融合器融合12例（内固定11例）。结果本组58例．平均随访3年9个月。疗效评定优良率862％。结论针对性减压治疗多节段腰椎管狭窄症手术疗效满意,并可减少继发性腰椎不稳和再狭窄发生率。     

突发反常性脑疝治疗体会(附2例报告)

目的 报告去骨瓣减压术后出现反常性脑疝2例,结合文献复习,提高对于反常性脑疝的认识。方法 收集2015年6月-2020年3月山东第一医科大学第一附属医院神经外科发生2例去骨瓣减压术后后期突发反常性脑疝患者的资料。2例均为高血压脑出血患者,1例为腰大池引流后,另1例为脑室腹腔分流术后,均出现减压皮瓣凹陷侧瞳孔散大,意识障碍加重。结果 1例经过腰穿紧急注入生理盐水40 mL,体位调整为头低脚高、头偏向颅骨缺损侧卧位,及输液扩容约4 h解除脑疝,意识状态好转;另1例分流后患者同样经体位调整,输液扩容治疗,瞳孔于处理后约10 h恢复,于恢复后第2天行颅骨修补治疗。结论 颅脑手术去骨瓣减压应早期修补,合并脑积水者修补分流一期手术为佳;过度引流及腰大池引流有反常性脑疝发生可能。出现反常性脑疝要及时正确诊断及治疗,以期取得良好的效果。     

双额去骨瓣减压术治疗双侧额叶挫裂伤致中央型脑疝的临床报告

目的探讨针对双侧额叶挫裂伤致中央型脑疝采用双额去骨瓣减压术的疗效。 方法选择解放军第九六〇医院神经外科自2010年7月至2016年12月收治的65例采用双额去骨瓣减压术治疗双侧额叶挫裂伤致中央型脑疝患者为研究对象,评估手术效果及预后。 结果65例患者术后随访6个月至1年,采用GOS评分评估预后：预后良好（4~5分）20例;预后不良：2分13例,3分17例;死亡（1分）15例。其中GOS评分2~3分的30例患者术后长期随访(至少3年)显示,其GOS评分改善不明显。 结论双侧额叶挫裂伤病情发展快,易导致中央型脑疝发生,双额去骨瓣减压术是治疗中央型脑疝患者的有效手段。     

Effect of decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with acute middle cerebral artery infarction

Background/aim We aimed to determine in which cases this procedure may be more effective based on the data of patients who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC).Material and methodsOverall, 47 patients who underwent DHC due to acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction between January 2014 and january 2019 were retrospectively investigated. These patients were divided into two groups: those who died after DHC (Group A) and those who survived DHC (Group B). The groups were compared in terms of various parameters. We investigated whether the patient’s modified Rankin scale (mRS) status changed depending on age (> 60 and < 60 years).ResultsThe median age of all patients was 65 (37–80) years; groups A and B had median ages of 66.5 (37–80) and 61 (44–79) years (p = 0.111), respectively; 55.3% patients were male. The elapsed times until hospitalization after the onset of symptoms were 4.5 and 3 h in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.014). The median GCS score at the time of admission was 7 (5–12) and 10 (8–14) in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.0001). At the time of admission, 63.3% patients in group A had anisocoria, whereas no patient in group B had anisocoria (p = 0.0001). In postoperative period, 40% patients in group A and all patients in group B received AC/AA treatment. The survival of patients aged < 60 and > 60 years who underwent DHC for MCA infraction was 61.5% and 26.5%, respectively (p = 0,041). The median mRS of patients < 60 and > 60 years were 4 (1–6) and 6 (1–6), respectively (p = 0.018).Conclusion Age, DHC timing, and elapsed time until hospitalization or access to treatment directly affect the functional outcome and survival in MCA-infarcted patients who underwent DHC. In patients in whom the medical treatment fails, early DHC administration will increase survival without waiting for neurological worsening once herniation is detected radiologically.