经直肠超声引导前列腺穿刺活检术诊断前列腺癌

目的　总结和评价经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检术对前列腺癌诊断的准确率。方法　222 例直肠指检阳性或 PSA>4μg/L的患者应用经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点系统穿刺活检以明确诊断。结果　222 例受检者中病理证实前列腺结节性增生41例、前列腺炎24例、前列腺肉瘤3例、前列腺癌 154 例,其中低分化癌 74 例、中分化癌 58 例、高分化癌 22 例。术后血尿15例、发热6例,其中高热1例,经抗生素治疗后体温恢复正常、尿检阴性。结论　经直肠超声引导下前列腺穿刺活检无需麻醉,患者痛苦小、安全性高,是诊断前列腺癌的可靠方法。     

The diagnostic value of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy in equivocal mediastinal masses

Background and aims The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in equivocal mediastinal masses.Patients Sixty-six patients with an equivocal mediastinal mass who underwent FNA biopsy between 1993 and 2003 were eligible for final analysis. The cytological and definitive diagnosis of masses were grouped as primary 22 (33%)−30 (46%) and secondary (metastatic) neoplasms 18 (27%)−18 (27%) and nonneoplastic lesions 20 (30%)−18 (%27) respectively.Results The diagnostic accuracy (%95 C.I.) of FNA biopsy for primary mediastinal neoplasms, secondary neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions were found to be 93.3 (83.8–98.2)%, 100 (95.1–100)%, 93.3 (83.8–98.2)%, respectively.Conclusion Image guided percutaneous FNA biopsy is a safe and highly accurate diagnostic method for equivocal mediastinal masses.     

Significance of lateral biopsy specimens during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies in Japanese men

OBJECTIVES: Lateral biopsies are thought to have a better cancer detection rate compared with standard sextant biopsies. This study aimed to determine whether lateral peripheral zone biopsies in Japanese men who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies provided a significantly higher cancer detection rate than sextant biopsies. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2004, data were collected from 461 men who underwent prostate biopsy and had enough data regarding the performance of lateral biopsies for statistical analysis. There were two categories in this study: (i) patients who underwent sextant prostate biopsies; and (ii) patients who underwent sextant biopsies plus lateral biopsies. RESULTS: Prostate cancer was detected in 141 (30.6%) of 461 patients. It was detected in 24 (22.2%) of 108 patients who underwent sextant biopsies and 117 (33.1%) of 353 patients who underwent sextant plus lateral biopsies. Lateral biopsies were not associated with a statistically higher rate of positive biopsy findings; however, we found a significantly higher ratio of patients with positive findings in those with prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels 10 ng/mL (one of 71, 1.4%) among those who had positive cores only in lateral biopsy samples (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral biopsies did not show a significantly higher detection ratio of prostate cancer compared to sextant biopsies. However, lateral biopsies were more effective than sextant biopsies in patients with lower PSA levels. Our findings might be useful for the establishment of biopsy strategies to detect prostate cancer, especially in patients with lower PSA levels.     

预适应锻炼对急进高原新兵脑功能的保护作用

目的探讨预适应锻炼对新兵急进高原后脑功能的改善作用。方法120名新兵随机分为4组:对照组、面罩组、运动组和面罩复合运动组。在进入高原前,面罩复合运动组佩带低氧呼吸器小步快走10 min,休息5 min后重复进行,上、下午各进行4次,连续进行7 d;面罩组、运动组分别只佩带低氧呼吸器或单纯运动。在空运进入高原后,比较进高原前、后的神经行为核心测试组合系统指标的改变,并对急性高原反应症状进行分析。结果使用低氧呼吸器复合小步快走5 min时动脉血氧饱和度可降到(80.5±5.7)%,达到预缺氧的目的。新兵进入3 658 m高原后,对照组、面罩组和运动组的数字跨度、目标追踪测试分值明显下降(P<0.05),而面罩复合运动组无明显改变(P>0.05);各组进藏前、后的简单反应时、数字译码和视觉保留均无显著性改变(P>0.05),手敏捷度则显著提高(P<0.05)。对照组、面罩组、运动组和面罩复合运动组的急性高原反应发病率分别为13.3%、20.0%、20.0%、3.3%。结论进入高原前,应用低氧呼吸器辅以适当运动,能改善急进高原人群的即时听觉记忆能力和手部运动的速度及准确性,避免部分脑功能的损害,并使急性高原反应发病率呈降低趋势。     

Renal allograft immunosuppression

We have investigated the impact of triple drug immunosuppression on the occurrence of early inflammatory episodes, as detected by fine needle aspiration biopsy, and of episodes of clinical rejection during the immediate postoperative period. The prospective component of this study includes 128 consecutive first cadaveric renal transplant recipients receiving triple drug treatment consisting of azathioprine (Aza), cyclosporin (CyA) and methylprednisolone (MP). For controls we have used three historical groups: one immunosuppressed with Aza and MP (group A), another with CyA monotherapy (group B), and the third with CyA together with MP (group C) in equivalent drug dosages. On the average, 0.8 episodes of inflammation per patient were recorded during the immediate postoperative period of 30 days with triple drug treatment. This was significantly less than the 1.3 episodes in patients receiving Aza and MP (P<0.01), the 1.7 episodes in patients on CyA monotherapy (P<0.001), or the 1.6 episodes in patients receiving CyA together with MP (P<0.001). Although the first episode of inflammation commenced concurrently in each group and the peak intensity of inflammation was the same, the mean duration of inflammation was significantly shorter-2.7 days-under triple drug treatment than the 7.8–11.7 days for controls (P<0.001). The frequency of rejection episodes under triple treatment was also significantly lower-0.2 per patient-than the 0.8 per patient in controls (P<0.001). The first rejection episode occurred later in the triple drug treatment group-on the average, on day 15.2-than in the historical controls (on days 7.7–11.7). There was, however, no difference in the duration of rejection. There were no differences in patient survival between the four groups. Graft survival was 97% at 10 weeks for triple drug-treated recipients and 79%, 68%, and 87% for first grafts in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Disregarding a minor demographic bias for the triple drugtreated group with respect to preformed antibodies and preoperative dialysis treatment, the study suggests that the triple drug protocol, in the short run, is superior to any conceivable double drug combination or CyA monotherapy.     

应用综合评估法术前评估骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性

应用穿刺活检进行病理诊断和分级,同时作DNA含量图象法分析,结合X线平片表现对骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性进行综合评价,结果显示,在综合分级中,Ⅰ与Ⅱ级的复发率有显著性差异,而病理和X线分级则无显著性差异。提示综合分级对评估骨巨细胞瘤的侵袭性具有合理性和全面性,有助于指导治疗。     

针吸细胞学诊断乳腺肿块的体会

在欧美,乳腺肿块针吸细胞学诊断于70年代就已得到了成功的应用。近年来国内的一些研究也证实其实用价值。为了进一步提高乳腺细胞学诊断水平,现将我院针吸细胞学诊断乳腺肿块281例中由病理证实的118例进行总结分析。1 材料与方法1.1 临床资料:1986年12月～1990年2月采用针吸细胞学检查诊断乳腺肿块281例,其中118例施行手术并获得病理组织学的证实。细胞学诊断以原始报告为准。女     

A rat model of monitoring liver allograft rejection

Rat models are often used to study liver allograft rejection. We have established a model for rat liver allograft rejection, monitored by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), in the strain combination PVG-to-BN with a mean survival time of 37 ± 20 days. In this model, we observed acute rejection with an intense peak of lymphoid blasts and lymphocyte-dominated inflammation in the FNAB [9.1 ± 3.0 corrected increment units (CIU)], and an eventual increase in macrophages (up to 4.2 ± 4.4 CIU), together with fibrosis and parenchymal necrosis in the graft. Markers of immune activation, such as an increase in IL-2-receptor (from 1 % ± 2 % to 21 % ± 13 %) and class II (from 20 % ± 9 % to 43 % ± 13 %) expressing lymphoid cells and induction of ICAM-1 in the graft, were consistent with the overall cellular response. The FNAB correlated well with parallel graft histology. In this rat model, the atraumatic monitoring makes a close follow-up possible without having to sacrifice the experimental animals. This saves work, animals, and costs in the study of liver rejection. Received: 2 July 1996 Accepted: 28 October 1996