Supervision: Critical Reflection for Transformational Learning,Part 1

Rooted in medicine and psychology, genetic counseling is a unique practice with a defined set of skills. Training is guided by practice-based competencies that define the requisite skills of an entry-level practitioner. Practicing genetic counselors with expertise in a variety of medical settings provide direct supervision that guides student development. In this article, we provide background on the history of genetic counseling, the model of practice, accreditation and certification standards, and an overview of clinical supervision as well as a review of supervision literature specific to the field.     

Sanger sequencing versus INNO-LiPA® HBV PreCore assay for routine detection of precore and basal core promoter mutations in hepatitis virus B chronically infected patients

We compared the Sanger sequencing and the commercial INNO-LiPA® HBV assay for the routine detection of precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) mutations of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected patients. The overall agreement rate between assays was 94.2% and 98.8% for the detection of PC and BCP mutations, respectively.     

竞赛驱动下医学专业“课程思政”的实践教学改革探索

当今医患矛盾日益突出、医患关系不断恶化的背景下,医学高等教育坚持用社会主义核心价值观引领意识形态的潮流,遵循社会主义核心价值观做导向,做到勤学、修德、立志、成才达到全方位育人目的。为落实立德树人根本任务,深度挖掘课程德育内涵,推动"课程思政"责任共同体,教师为主体,既可创新教学改革方法,有效充分发挥课程"育人"功能,将"课程思政"贯穿教育教学全过程,目的是医学专业基础课与思想政治理论同向同行,形成协同效应",以赛促教,增进实效"多元化竞赛,深入挖掘蕴含在专业知识里的德育元素,竞赛活动为载体促进"课程思政"与医学知识融合。在调研医学课程中专业课"课程思政"的现状基础上,不断充分挖掘医学专业课程中的思政元素,做到润物细无声,构建"竞赛驱动—课程思政融入-教学改革-学生批判能力培养"的教学改革实践模式,既将以竞赛为驱动力,并以医学专业知识为载体融入思政元素,提高医学生社会价值观的形成。坚持理论学习与实践教学相衔接,体会理论知识外化为实践能力,化知为行、知行合一。以赛促教、以赛促学"从专业角度发挥课堂主渠道,做好立德树人工作。     

A core syllabus for the teaching of neuroanatomy to medical students

There is increasingly a call for clinical relevance in the teaching of biomedical sciences within all health care courses. However, this presupposes that there is a clear understanding of what can be considered core material within the curricula. To date, the anatomical sciences have been relatively poorly served by the development of core syllabuses, particularly for specialized core syllabuses such as neuroanatomy. One of the aims of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and of the European Federation for Experimental Morphology (EFEM) is to formulate, on an international scale, core syllabuses for all branches of the anatomical sciences using Delphi Panels consisting of anatomists, scientists, and clinicians to initially evaluate syllabus content. In this article, the findings of a Delphi Panel for neuroanatomy are provided. These findings will subsequently be published on the IFAA website to enable anatomical (and other cognate learned) societies and individual anatomists, clinicians, and students to freely comment upon, and elaborate and amend, the syllabuses. The aim is to set internationally recognized standards and thus to provide guidelines concerning neuroanatomical knowledge when engaged in course development. Clin. Anat. 28:706–716, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

两种腰痛家庭训练方案的临床疗效

目的:比较两种家庭训练方案对腰痛患者的临床疗效。方法:门诊招募60例腰痛患者随机分为常规组(n=30)和核心组(n=30)。两组患者均接受腰痛防护知识宣教及评估。常规组接受常规家庭训练方案指导;核心组接受麦吉尔(McGill)"三大训练"(Big3)家庭方案指导。之后两组患者独立完成6周家庭训练。训练前后采用汉化Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)和疼痛目测类比定级法(visual analogus scale,VAS)作为主要评估指标,腰部活动度和躯干肌群的肌耐力作为次要评估指标对患者治疗效果进行评估。根据患者训练的完成度、自觉帮助度及满意度评估患者治疗依从性及家庭训练方案的可行性。结果:常规组和核心组分别有24例和25例完成了家庭训练。经过6周家庭训练后,两组患者的ODI及VAS均有明显降低(P<0.01)、腰部ROM均有明显增加(P<0.01);常规组部分躯干肌群和核心组全部躯干肌群的肌耐力明显增强(P<0.01);核心组的ODI、VAS和右侧侧方肌的肌耐力与常规组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.05);核心组患者的自觉帮助度及满意度得分与常规组比较差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:两种腰痛家庭训练方案均可行并有效。与常规家庭训练方案相比,Big3家庭训练方案对于改善腰痛患者疼痛和功能障碍方面具有更好的临床疗效,并且患者的接受度更高。     

Structural diversity of coiled coils in protein fibers of the bacterial cell envelope

The cell envelope of bacteria shows great diversity in architecture and composition, to a large extent due to its proteome. Proteins localized to the cell envelope, whether integrally embedded in the membrane, membrane-anchored, or peripherally associated as part of a macromolecular complex, often form elongated fibers, in which coiled coils represent a prominent structural element. These coiled-coil segments show a surprising degree of structural variability, despite being shaped by a small number of simple biophysical rules, foremost being their geometry of interaction referred to as 'knobs-into-holes'. Here we will review this diversity, particularly as it has emerged over the last decade.