葡甘聚糖-胶原蛋白-壳聚糖共混膜(I)

用溶液共混法制备了葡甘聚糖-胶原蛋白-壳聚糖(KCCS)共混膜。并用FT-IR,X-RD,SEM及透光率表征了膜的结构,同时测试了膜的抗张强度、断裂伸长率、吸水率、透水汽性、渗透性和吸附性。结果表明:共混膜中葡甘聚糖、胶原蛋白及壳聚糖之间存在着强烈的相互作用和良好的相容性,三者共混明显改善了纯聚合物和二元膜的性能。以共混膜为载体培养内皮细胞,发现共混膜具有良好的细胞相容性,预示着共混膜可作为潜在的组织工程支架材料。     

Selecting relevant electrode positions for classification tasks based on the electro-encephalogram

The aim is to describe a general approach to determining important electrode positions when measured electro-encephalogram signals are used for classification. The approach is exemplified in the frame of the brain-computer interface, which crucially depends on the classification of different brain states. To classify two brain states, e.g. planning of movement of right and left index fingers, three different approaches are compared: classification using a physiologically motivated set of four electrodes, a set determined by principal component analysis and electrodes determined by spatial pattern analysis. Spatial pattern analysis enhances the classification rate significantly from 61.3±1.8% (with four electrodes) to 71.8±1.4%, whereas the classification rate using principal component analysis is significantly lower (65.2±1.4%). Most of the 61 electrodes used have no influence on the classification rate, so that, in future experiments, the setup can be simplified drastically to six to eight electrodes without loss of information.     

人初乳分泌片的纯化和兔抗人分泌片免疫血清的制备及应用

目的：获得足够量的分泌片（SC）及其相应的抗血清，用于研究SC的功能与SC在人和某些物种黏膜组织内的分布。方法：在已有的凝胶过滤和离子交换层析的基础上，进一步通过亲和层析和凝胶过滤分离纯化人的SC并进行相应的鉴定。用免疫组织化学技术检测了SC在部分小鼠组织中的表达。结果：获得了免疫纯的SC，并制备了相应的兔抗人SC的免疫血清；免疫组化显示，SC在小鼠小肠和子宫内膜处有表达。结论：利用改进的方法可以获得免疫纯的SC，进一步证实人和小鼠SC之间的交叉反应性。     

Simultaneous Detection of ACP1 and GC Genotypes Using PCR/SSCP

The classical enzyme and protein markers ACP1 and GC have gained new importance because of the biological functions of their gene products. ACP1 encodes a low molecular weight enzyme which is now recognized as a phosphotyrosine phosphatase with a role in the regulation of signal transduction pathways, and GC‐globulin acts both as a transporter of vitamin D and as a plasma actin scavenger and plays a role in macrophage activation. These two polymorphisms were phenotyped for decades on the basis of electrophoretic isozyme or protein patterns; the gene structures are now known. Nucleotide substitutions determining the common alleles are close enough at each locus to be contained in one short PCR product. We have developed a simple, rapid and reliable multiplex method based on PCR and SSCP which allows the simultaneous determination of the common ACP1 and GC genotypes.     

Insular component as a risk factor of thyroid carcinoma

Forty-four thyroid carcinomas with an Insular component (JC) were reviewed from 2457 tumors diagnosed as papillary (PC) or follicular carcinoma (FC). These tumors were classified as FC with an IC (FCIC; 30 cases) and PC with an IC (PCIC; 14 cases). Both tumors were composed of solid cell nests in some areas and had a tendency toward a characteristic nuclear size: FCIC had a small nucleus and PCIC contained a nucleus of an Intermediate type or a large nucleus similar to that of PC, although there were numerous tumors with an exceptional nuclear size. The mean age and tumor diameter were the highest and largest in FCIC, respectively, followed by PCIC. Among the 44 cases, 17 patients died of the disease, two were alive with the disease and 18 were alive without the disease. From 13 clinicopathological factors, the presence of an IC, age, non-encapsulation, tumor size, vascular invasion and necrosis were found to be independent variables for actual prognosis of FC and PC based on univariate analysis followed by multtvariate analysis. The results of the present study indicate that the presence of an IC is an independent aggressive prognostic factor for patients with PC and FC.     

异种脱细胞角膜基质囊袋移植的生物相容性研究

目的探讨脱细胞猪角膜基质移植入兔角膜囊袋后的生物学反应。方法猪角膜通过不同方式去除细胞及免疫源性成分，保留角膜组织基质的弹力纤维及胶原纤维，将其切取为直径为4mm的植片，植入兔角膜囊袋内，在不同时间点观察生物材料在角膜内生物学反应。结果材料植入兔角膜囊袋3个月，生物相容性良好，材料逐渐降解，材料内有胶原和角膜基质细胞长人。结论新型可降解角膜基质材料植入后未见兔角膜有明显的炎症反应，材料的组织相容性好，可作为组织工程角膜的支架材料。     

介入用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性研究

介入导管优良的血液相容性是确保血管内介入技术安全可靠进行的重要因素，我们对自己合成的四种介入导管用聚氨酯材料的血液相容性进行了评价，包括溶血试验、血小板黏试验、动态凝血时间试验和动态血栓形成实验。结果表明，其中的H50-100和H60-100具有优良的血液相容性，完全可以用作介入导管材料。此外，还讨论了聚氨酯结构与血液相容性的关系。     

Accuracy of reporting endocervical component adequacy--a continuous quality improvement project

Inaccurate reporting of the absence of an endocervical (EC) component on Pap smears often results in slide rescreens, amended reports, clinician dissatisfaction, and sometimes unnecessary repeat smears. Therefore, the accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy was selected as a quality indicator for the laboratory continuous quality improvement program (CQI). The process consisted of problem identification, analysis of the situation, collection of data, implementation of solutions, and evaluation of results. The objective of the study was to determine if the accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy on Pap smears improved after application of such a program. During the first phase, 150 Pap smears originally reported with the absence of an adequate EC component and 150 smears reported with the presence of an adequate EC component were rescreened to measure the baseline accuracy of EC component adequacy reporting. The improvement process was then implemented. A cause-and-effect diagram was developed and root cause was determined. A presentation was then made to the cytology staff. Criteria for EC component adequacy were reviewed, examples were shown, and standardized marking of EC component was implemented. Following improvement actions, a second audit of 150 Pap smears reported with the absence of an adequate EC component as well as 150 smears reported with the presence of an adequate EC component was undertaken to measure change in performance in assessing EC component adequacy. For the baseline rescreening, before initiation of the CQI program, 98% accuracy was achieved with smears that were reported as adequate for EC component present. However, the accuracy with smears reported as absence of an adequate EC component was only 71%, i.e., an adequate EC component was identified in almost 1/3 of these cases on rescreen. After the implementation of improvement actions, the accuracy with smears reported with the presence of EC component remained high (98%) and the accuracy of reporting the absence of EC component was 90%. The difference of the latter before and after the implementation was statistically significant (P = 0.015, z-test). The accuracy of reporting EC component adequacy increased following the CQI process. Using reporting EC component adequacy as an example, we demonstrate that by treating clinical problems as quality control issues and applying basic quality improvement tools, a positive outcome can be effected.     

Muscle synergies involved in shifting the center of pressure while making a first step

We used the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis to analyze multi-muscle synergies involved in making a step by a standing person. We hypothesized that leg and trunk muscles are organized into stable groups (muscle modes, M-modes) related to shifts of the center of pressure (COP) in the anterior-posterior and medio-lateral directions. Another hypothesis was that the magnitudes of the modes co-vary across repetitive trials to stabilize a certain magnitude of the COP shift in both directions. M-modes were defined using principal component analysis applied to indices of changes in the electromyographic (EMG) activity prior to releasing variable loads that were held by the subject using a pulley system. For the task of releasing the load behind the body three M-modes associated with a backward COP shift were defined. Four M-modes were defined for the task of releasing the load at the body side associated with a lateral COP shift. Multiple regression analysis was used to relate changes in the M-mode magnitudes to COP shifts. EMG changes prior to making a step were quantified over five 100 ms time windows before the lift-off of the stepping leg. Two components of the variance in the M-mode space computed across repetitions of a stepping task were quantified—a component that did not affect the average COP shift in a particular direction (variance within the UCM, V _UCM), and a component that affected the COP shift (variance orthogonal to the UCM, V _ORT). V _UCM was significantly higher than V _ORT for both directions of the COP shifts. This relation was observed for the M-modes in the stepping leg as well as in the support leg. The stepping leg showed a different time evolution of the ratio V _UCM/V _ORT such that the difference between the two variance components disappeared closer to the time of the lift-off. The findings corroborate both main hypotheses. The study supports a view that control of whole-body actions involves grouping the muscles, using fewer elemental variables to scale the muscle activity, and forming synergies in the space of the elemental variables that stabilize time profiles of important performance variables.