Self‐perceived preparedness for dental practice amongst graduates of The University of Hong Kong’s integrated PBL dental curriculum

Objectives: To determine how prepared for dental practice graduates from the integrated problem‐based learning (PBL) dental undergraduate curriculum at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) perceive themselves to be and to identify factors associated with self‐perceived preparedness. Materials and methods: A postal questionnaire was sent to five cohorts of dentists who had graduated from HKU’s integrated PBL curriculum between 2004 and 2008. Using a 4‐point Likert scale, the questionnaire assessed the self‐perceived level of preparedness in 59 competencies grouped in nine domains. Responses were dichotomised into ‘poorly prepared’ and ‘well prepared’. Results: The response rate was 66% (159/241). The mean proportion (± standard deviation) of respondents indicating well‐preparedness was 72.0 ± 15.1% overall, and for each domain was as follows: general patient management, 93.1 ± 12.1%; practice management, 81.0 ± 22.2%; periodontology and dental public health, 73.5 ± 19.3%; conservative dentistry, 92.5 ± 13.1%; oral rehabilitation, 62.8 ± 24.0%; orthodontics, 23.0 ± 32.9%; managing children and special‐needs patients, 64.8 ± 28.9%; oral and maxillofacial surgery, 52.2 ± 25.2%; and drug and emergency management, 84.7 ± 22.6%. The odds of self‐perceived well‐preparedness were increased for cohorts graduating in 2004 and 2005 and graduates working in a non‐solo dental practice. Conclusions: Dental graduates of HKU’s integrated PBL curriculum felt well prepared for the most fundamental aspects of dental practice. However, apparent deficiencies of training in orthodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery will need to be addressed by continuing education, postgraduate training and planning for the new 6‐year undergraduate curriculum in 2012.     

基层医院低年资护士岗位胜任力评价指标的构建

目的构建基层医院低年资护士岗位胜任力的评价指标。方法通过文献资料法、理论分析法、质性研究等方法构建含4个一级指标、18个二级指标及36个三级指标基层医院低年资护士岗位胜任力评价指标初稿,运用Delphi法向15名专家进行2轮函询。结果专家的权威系数为0.880,协调系数为0.363~0.451,最终确定基层医院低年资护士岗位胜任力评价体系包括一级指标3条、二级指标13条、三级指标37条。结论本评价指标构建过程规范,可用于基层医院低年资护士岗位胜任力评价,后一步将对本指标体系进行信效度验证。     

Competencies and skills for remote and rural maternity care: a review of the literature

AIM: This paper reports a review of the literature on skills, competencies and continuing professional development necessary for sustainable remote and rural maternity care. BACKGROUND: There is a general sense that maternity care providers in rural areas need specific skills and competencies. However, how these differ from generic skills and competencies is often unclear. METHODS: Approaches used to access the research studies included a comprehensive search in relevant electronic databases using relevant keywords (e.g. 'remote', 'midwifery', 'obstetrics', 'nurse-midwives', education', 'hospitals', 'skills', 'competencies', etc.). Experts were approached for (un-)published literature, and books and journals known to the authors were also used. Key journals were hand searched and references were followed up. The original search was conducted in 2004 and updated in 2006. FINDINGS: Little published literature exists on professional education, training or continuous professional development in maternity care in remote and rural settings. Although we found a large literature on competency, little was specific to competencies for rural practice or for maternity care. 'Hands-on' skills courses such as Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics and the Neonatal Resuscitation Programme increase confidence in practice, but no published evidence of effectiveness of such courses exists. CONCLUSION: Educators need to be aware of the barriers facing rural practitioners, and there is potential for increasing distant learning facilitated by videoconferencing or Internet access. They should also consider other assessment methods than portfolios. More research is needed on the levels of skills and competencies required for maternity care professionals practising in remote and rural areas.     

以岗位胜任力为导向的互动教学在血液净化临床带教中的作用

目的　探讨在血液净化临床带教中开展岗位胜任力为导向的互动教学的作用。方法　于2019年5月至2020年8月选取本院血液净化中心实习生共80名,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组。对照组40名采用常规临床带教,观察组40名采用以岗位胜任力为导向的互动教学,均带教3个月。比较两组带教后的理论和实践考核成绩,带教前后的岗位胜任力和对带教的满意度。采用SPSS 22.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　观察组带教后的理论和实践考核得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（理论考核：t=4.01,P<0.05;实践考核：t=3.94,P<0.05）。带教前两组有效沟通能力、适应与应对能力、自主学习与自我提升能力、管理能力评分对比差异均无统计学意义（有效沟通能力：t=1.31,P=0.193;适应与应对能力：t=1.25,P=0.216;自主学习与自我提升能力：t=0.93,P=0.356;管理能力评分：t=0.76,P=0.451）;带教后两组上述各项岗位胜任力评分均较带教前提高,且观察组评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（有效沟通能力：t=12.60、6.63,P<0.05;适应与应对能力：t=11.21、6.44,P<0.05;自主学习与自我提升能力：t=10.80、5.78,P<0.05;管理能力评分：t=12.42、6.79,P<0.05）。两组实习生对带教的满意度分布对比差异有统计学意义（t=6.90,P=0.007）,观察组总满意率高于对照组（t=6.49,P=0.011）。结论　对血液净化实习临床带教中采用以岗位胜任力为导向的互动教学,不仅可提高实习生的考核成绩、提升岗位胜任力,还可提高教学满意度。     

基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学在儿科实习教学中的应用研究

目的　探讨基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学在儿科实习教学中的作用。方法　对本单位2019年1月至2020年10月接收的64名儿科实习生开展研究,按随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,各组32名。对照组采用传统临床带教,试验组采用基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学。带教结束后,比较两组带教前后儿科相关理论知识和实践操作技能考核成绩、岗位胜任力情况及对带教的认可度。采用SPSS 26.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　带教后两组实习生儿科相关理论知识和实践操作技能考核成绩均高于带教前[（98.72±1.29）、（97.94±2.17）vs.（79.84±3.96）、（70.22±4.17）],且试验组上述成绩均高于对照组[（98.72±1.29）、（97.94±2.17）vs.（90.22±3.46）、（87.38±5.07）]（P<0.05）;带教后两组实习生临床诊疗能力、临床操作技能、自我学习与信息技术能力、医学人文素养方面的岗位胜任力评分均高于带教前,且试验组评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组对带教方式在激发学习兴趣、改善学习效果、提高医患沟通能力、提高临床思维能力、增强职业信心等方面的认可率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论　在儿科实习带教中应用基于岗位胜任力的多媒体教学,不仅可提高考核成绩和各方面的岗位胜任力,还可得到实习生的认可。     

Core competencies for clinical nurse specialists: a usable framework

This article describes a framework of generic core competencies for assessing the role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS). It was devised by a group of CNSs at Kingston Hospital NHS Trust, over a two year period. Currently, there is considerable confusion surrounding the role of the CNS. The UKCC is in the process of clarifying what is meant by specialist practice, with the aim of formally recognizing its status on the register. There does not seem to be a consensus opinion on the standards of competence required to practise as a CNS. This article seeks to address this issue by demonstrating a means of competency-based assessment for the role of the CNS.     

Healthcare for migrants,participatory health research and implementation science—better health policy and practice through inclusion. The RESTORE project

Background: This is a time of unprecedented mobility across the globe. Healthcare systems need to adapt to ensure that primary care is culturally and linguistically appropriate for migrants. Evidence-based guidelines and training interventions for cultural competence and the use of professional interpreters are available across European healthcare settings. However, in real-world practice migrants and their healthcare providers ‘get by’ with a range of informal and inadequate strategies. RESTORE is an EU FP7 funded project, which is designed to address this translational gap.

Objectives: The objective of RESTORE is to investigate and support the implementation of guidelines and training initiatives to support communication in cross-cultural consultations in selected European primary care settings.

Design: RESTORE is a qualitative, participatory health project running from 2011–2015. It uses a novel combination of normalization process theory and participatory learning and action research to follow and shape the implementation journeys of relevant guidelines and training initiatives. Research teams in Ireland, England, the Netherlands, Austria and Greece are conducting similar parallel qualitative case study fieldwork, with a complementary health policy analysis led by Scotland. In each setting, key stakeholders, including migrants, are involved in participatory data generation and analysis.

Expected results: RESTORE will provide knowledge about the levers and barriers to the implementation of guidelines and training initiatives in European healthcare settings and about successful, transferrable strategies to overcome identified barriers. RESTORE will elucidate the role of policy in shaping these implementation journeys; generate recommendations for European policy driving the development of culturally and linguistically appropriate healthcare systems.