类金刚石薄膜的碳相成分对其血小板黏附特性的影响

对不同工艺和条件制备的 7个类金刚石薄膜 (Diamondlikecarbon ,DLC)试样 ,经X光电子能谱 (XPS)碳相成分分析后 ,分别进行了血小板黏附实验、黏附血小板的形貌观察、分类计数和形态指数计算 ,并通过灰色关联分析 ,研究了碳相成分对血小板黏附量、黏附血小板的形态指数的影响。结果显示 :来自全方位离子注入离子束增强沉积工艺的DLC ,其血小板黏附量和形态指数明显小于等离子体化学气相沉积工艺制备的样品 ;在DLC的 5种碳相成分中 ,DLC碳相与血小板黏附量和形态指数的 (负 )关联度远大于其它碳相成分 ,除此之外只有C H和C O碳相与血小板形态指数的 (正 )关联度较大。表明 :(1)DLC碳相对血小板黏附的影响远较其它碳相成分为大 ,增加DLC碳相的含量是优化DLC血液相容性的关键所在 ;(2 )C H和C O碳相对黏附血小板的变形有促进作用 ,须从工艺上抑制其产生或尽可能降低其含量 ;(3)采用全方位离子注入离子束增强沉积工艺有助于改善DLC的血液相容性。这些结论对设计与改进DLC的制备工艺具有重要的指导意义。     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

目的 定量研究血液灌流对有机磷农药硫线磷和其解毒药阿托品的吸附作用.方法 模拟临床血液灌流装置,对含硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的血样进行灌流吸附,分别用毛细管气相色谱法和高效液相色谱法测定硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的残留量.结果 吸附剂用量为0.5、1.0和1.5 g,包膜活性炭在灌流2.0 h后硫线磷的清除率均能达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率依次为61.9%、84.9%和88.9%;HA230树脂在灌流1.5 h后硫线磷清除率都达到90%以上,硫酸阿托品的清除率也依次高达88.0%、97.2%和98.4%;包膜活性炭灌流3.0h后,硫酸阿托品与硫线磷的比值最高为灌流前的10.1倍,而HA230树脂灌流后,此比值最高为灌流前的6.7倍.结论 包膜活性炭和HA230吸附树脂血液灌流1.5～2.0 h均能清除血中大部分硫线磷,而且均能增加血中硫酸阿托品和硫线磷浓度的比值.     

Near‐infrared spectroscopy determined brain and muscle oxygenation during exercise with normal and resistive breathing

To elevate effects of carbon dioxide (CO₂) retention by way of an increased respiratory load during submaximal exercise (150 W), the concentration changes of oxy‐ (ΔHbO₂) and deoxy‐haemoglobin (ΔHb) of active muscles and the brain were determined by near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in eight healthy males. During exercise, pulmonary ventilation increased to 33 (28–40) L min^–1 (median with range) with no effect of a moderate breathing resistance (reduction of the pneumotach diameter from 30 to 14 and 10 mm). The end‐tidal CO₂ pressure (P_ETCO ₂) increased from 45 (42–48) to 48 (46–58) mmHg with a reduction of only 1% in the arterial haemoglobin O₂ saturation (S_aO ₂). During control exercise (normal breathing resistance), muscle and brain ΔHbO₂ were not different from the resting levels, and only the leg muscle ΔHb increased (4 (–2–10) μM , P < 0.05). Moderate resistive breathing increased ΔHbO₂ of the intercostal and vastus lateralis muscles to 6 ± (–5–14) and 1 (–7–9) μM (P < 0.05), respectively, while muscle ΔHb was not affected. Cerebral ΔHbO₂ and ΔHb became elevated to 6 (1–15) and 1 (–1–6) μM by resistive breathing (P < 0.05). Resistive breathing caused an increased concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin in active muscles and in the brain. The results indicate that CO₂ influences blood flow to active skeletal muscle although its effect appears to be smaller than for the brain.     

Assessment of biomaterials as components of a reciprocating dialyser during canine dialysis

A recently reported device, the sorbent suspension reciprocating dialyser (SSRD), was investigated for use as a test system for biocompatibility of dialyser components. The device is easy to assemble and operate, and allows minimal blood contact with foreign material outside of dialyser components. Its constant pressure/ variable flow rate operation allows quantification of degree of clotting of dialyser versus time. The effect of heparinization of the blood distribution gaskets (BDG) of the device on performance and dialyser lifetime was investigated. Heparin was bound to the surface of polyethylene gaskets by immersion in a solution of tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC)-heparin complex for several hours. Gaskets were then assembled in an SSRD which was then used for experimental dialysis in dogs with AV shunts. Dialysers assembled using non-heparinized gaskets were used as controls. Blood coagulation tendency was quantified by the activated clotting time (ACT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT), and these values correlated with the rate of clotting of the device. Heparinization of the gaskets resulted in the prevention of clotting in the dialyser until the final minutes of dialysis in all cases, in contrast to the constant decay of blood fill volume and evidence of clotting in the non-heparinized cases. However, dialyser lifetime was not significantly increased by gasket heparinization. At normal initial values of ACT (80–95 s) dialyser clotting occurred in 10–15 mia In tests with non-heparinized gaskets and systemically heparinized dogs, values obtained in the ACT test were observed to decrease during dialysis, indicating the disappearance of heparin from the blood. Both ACT and PTT tests show promise as predictors of dialyser lifetime.     

Association between HLA and Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were observed to have a statistical association with HLA-DR4, MT3. Strong association between the clinical severity of RA and HLA was also observed. Male patients had a stronger association with HLA than female patients. Males are more resistant to RA than females. This suggested that the threshold of liability for RA is higher in males than in females. Japanese patients with RA with systemic vasculitis were negative for HLA-Bw44 and had antilymphocytotoxic autoantibody, indicating that RA with systemic vasculitis is different in etiology from RA without systemic vasculitis.     

血液灌流对硫线磷和硫酸阿托品的吸附作用

Objective To study on adsorption effect of cadusafos and atropine sulfate by hemoperfusion.Method Hemoperfusions were performed for sheep blood samples with cadusafos and atropineby through imitated extracorporeal closed circulating perfusion apparatus.Residual cadusafos was determined by gas chromatography and residual atropine was determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Result Dose of adsorption agent was 0.5,1.0 and 1.5 g,respectively.Two hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,clearance rate of cadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%.and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 61.9%,84.9%,88.9%,respectively.One and a half hours after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin,clearance rate of eadusafos in 3 groups all exceeded 90%,and clearance rate of atropine sulfate was 88.0%,97.2%,98.4%,respectively.Three hours after hemoperfusion with membrane coated activated charcoal,The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood promoted to 10.1 times,and the ratio was 6.7 times after hemoperfusion with HA230 absorption resin.Conclusion It suggested that cadusafos were mostly removed from blood after 1.5～2.0hours hemoperfusion with membrane activated charcoal or HA230 absorption resin.The concentration ratio of cadusafos and atropine sulfate in blood will increased after hemoperfusion.     

Laser induced thermal injury of rabbit cornea and treatment with anti-inflammatory agents

A moderately severe thermal injury of the central cornea of 48 Dutch-belted rabbit eyes was produced with a carbon (CO₂) laser. The lesions were photographed with a slit lamp (SL) camera immediately following the injury and at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days after the exposure. Lesion size, opaqueness, and depth were graded clinically by SL biomicroscopy at the same intervals. No significant differences were found (p 0.05) between groups of eyes treated with flurbiprofen (0.03%), prednisolone acetate (1%), and vehicle control four-times-a-day for three weeks following injury. Additionally, eyes were studied histopathologically at 3 and 60 days following injury by light and transmission electron microscopy, and clinically at 30 and 60 days by endothelial specular microscopy. Important clinical and histopathological findings included coagulative necrosis of the corneal epithelium, epithelial sloughing, fusion of stromal collagen, stromal edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, stromal scar formation, corneal thinning, endothelial hyperplasia and metaplasia, fibrinous anterior chamber reaction with hypopyon, and retrocorneal fibrous membrane formation.     

Macromolecular DNA-damage in murine and human leukemic and lymphoid cells after in vitro exposure to ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide)

Summary Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is widely used against leukemic and lymphoproliferative diseases, but in vitro studies on response to this agent so far have been limited to instable derivatives with poor galenic properties. ASTA Z 7557 is a newly synthesized activated cyclophosphamide that circumvents the need for hepatic activation and has good stability. The critical cytotoxic lesions after exposure to bifunctional alkylating agents presumably are DNA interstrand crosslinks (ISC). We have, therefore, examined the formation and apparent removal of ISC after in vitro treatment with ASTA Z 7557 by use of the highly sensitive alkaline elution technique. Survival of murine L1210 cells was determined after 1 hour in vitro exposure with a D 37 value of 5.7 g/ml (from the initial shoulder part of the survival curve) and a Do value of 1.5 g/ml (from the exponential part of the curve). Previous labelling of L1210 cells by ¹²⁵IUdR simplified the alkaline elution procedure but there was some cytotoxicity of the radiochemical itself with a reduction of cloning efficiency from 77% to 61 %. The maximum of ISC was observed at 6 h after initiation of treatment with much of the damage apparently removed at 24 h. The simultaneous presence of DNA single strand breaks (SSB), however, confounds the analysis of DNA damage at 24 h and early cytolysis and unaided death of human lymphocytes often preclude the analysis of macromolecular damage at this time. Human peripheral blood cells isolated from patients with leukemic or lymphoproliferative diseases showed a remarkable heterogeneity with regard to the formation of ISC at 3 h. Thus, analysis of macromolecular damage may become an additional prognostic factor for response to CPA beyond the morphologic classification of these diseases.