小剂量舒芬太尼-罗哌卡因行腰硬联合麻醉的临床观察

目的 探讨小剂量舒芬太尼-罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉在老年下肢骨科手术中的临床效果.方法 将行下肢骨科手术的患者45例随机分为3组,每组15例.Ⅰ组:罗哌卡因10 mg;Ⅱ组罗哌卡因7.5 mg 加舒芬太尼2.5 μg;Ⅲ组:罗哌卡因7.5 mg加舒芬太尼5 μg.均用生理盐水配成2.0 ml溶液,分别注入蛛网膜下腔.观察3组患者的血压、心率变化,有效镇痛时间及恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、呼吸抑制等不良反应.结果所有患者麻醉镇痛完善.Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者6、9、12、15、20 min的SBP、DBP均高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间无差异;其他时间、血压比较则无统计学意义.Ⅱ、Ⅲ组患者运动神经阻滞持续时间及有效镇痛时间均高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01).Ⅰ组不良反应多于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组.结论 小剂量舒芬太尼-罗哌卡因腰硬联合麻醉对血流动力学影响小,有效镇痛时间延长,适合于老年下肢手术,但应注意与舒芬太尼剂量相关的皮肤瘙痒.     

连续使用西地那非对STZ诱导糖尿病大鼠肾脏影响的实验研究

目的观察连续使用西地那非对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的影响。方法雄性成年SD大鼠腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱发糖尿病,成模后给予西地那非2mg/(kg·d)灌胃,连续给药12周。检测第12周的肾功能、尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER),在光镜、透射电镜下观察大鼠肾小球病理改变。结果与DM组相比,SDL组BUN、Scr、Ccr、UAER、肾重/体重、肾小球基质面积及截面积均明显升高,光镜及电镜下观察SDL组肾脏病理损伤较DM组明显加重。结论连续服用西地那非损害早期糖尿病大鼠肾功能,加重肾脏病理损害,促进糖尿病肾病的发展。     

Inhibitory Effect of Potassium Citrate on Rat Renal Tumors Induced by N-Ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine Followed by Potassium Dibasic Phosphate

Potassium dibasic phosphate (PDP) was administered at a concentration of 10% by weight in basal diet to unilaterally nephrectomized Wistar rats previously given 1000 ppm N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethyl-nitrosamine (EHEN) in the diet for 2 weeks. To study the effect of alkalinization on renal mineralization, some animals concomitantly received 5% potassium citrate (PC). Feeding PDP alone promoted adenomatous hyperplasias, which were regarded as preneoplastic lesions, as well as renal cell tumors in EHEN-initiated rats, whereas the addition of PC to PDP diets reduced the promoting effect. Histopathology, serum biochemistry and urinalysis indicated retardation of renal calcium crystallization by PC. Two other phosphate salts, sodium phosphate (SP) and calcium phosphate (CP), were also administered. SP showed a slight promoting effect on adenomatous hyperplasias and a 2-fold increase in the yield of renal cell tumors, while CP induced a clear reduction of both lesions, over EHEN alone. The promoting effects of both PDP and SP and the inhibitory effect of PC were somewhat correlated to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine labeling indices, the degree of nephropathy, and mineralization in the kidney. Immunohistochemically, the nephropathy induced by phosphate salts was not linked to α_zu-globulin. A pathogenesis for renal carcinogenesis is suggested in which nephropathy associated with mineralization enhances the development of renal cell tumors.     

67Ga显像对肺结节病的诊断价值

目的:探讨67Ga显像对肺结节病的诊断价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析78例经病理证实为肺结节病病人的67Ga全身显像、X线胸片和CT的影像学表现.结果:具有泪腺和腮腺放射性摄取伴有纵隔和肺门淋巴结肿大者,67Ga全身显像诊断准确性为96.4%(53/55),明显高于X线平片和CT的诊断准确性(83.6%,46/55,P＜0.05).单纯纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结肿大者,67Ga全身显像诊断准确性为73.7%(14/19),与X线平片和CT的诊断准确性(84.2%,16/19)相近(P＞0.05).肺内病灶伴或不伴有肺门淋巴结肿大者4例,两种诊断方法都没有明确诊断.结论:67Ga全身显像对于以纵隔和或肺门淋巴结肿大的结节病具有重要的诊断价值.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中的枸橼酸西地那非

目的　建立一种测定保健食品中枸橼酸西地那非的可行方法。方法　采用反相高效液相色谱法 ,操作条件 :ZORBAXODS 4.6mmi.d× 2 5 0mm为色谱柱 ,柱温为 40℃ ,0 .0 5ml/L磷酸三乙胺 (pH =3.3) :甲醇 :乙腈 =5 0 :30 :2 0(V :V :V)为流动相 ,流速为 1.0 0ml/L ,检测波长为 2 90nm。结果　其工作曲线的线性范围 :0 .0 8～ 2 .0 0 μg ,相关系数 :r =0 .9999,回收率 :94.0 %～ 98.6% ,精密度 (n =6) :1.85 %～ 1.89%。结论　所建立的方法准确、可靠 ,可应用于检测保健食品中的枸橼酸西地那非     

Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate as an anaesthetic premedication when dosed to an opioid effect total opioid consumption

Thirty min prior to anaesthetic induction for surgery, children aged 4–12 years old were given a 10 μg·kg⁻¹ oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) and were instructed to suck the OTFC until pruritus appeared (Group 2) or until the entire dose was consumed (Group 1). Sedation, apprehension and cooperation scores were rated, and vital signs including oxygen saturation were monitored until anaesthetic induction. The results showed that pruritus was present in 76% of children; however; in all but one child, it occurred after the OTFC had been completely consumed. There were no significant changes in oxygen saturation, but respiratory rate decreased from 19.6±1.7 to 18.4±1.3. Activity decreased significantly; however, cooperation and apprehension did not change. The conclusion was that pruritus cannot be used as an endpoint for OTFC effectiveness; however, OTFC dosed at 10 μg·kg⁻¹ is effective in providing sedation without causing clinically significant changes in vital signs or oxygen saturation.     

A further study on the mechanism of deposition of plasma protein in psoriasis scale

Summary To clarify the mechanism underlying the deposition of plasma protein in the psoriatic horny layer, extracts of psoriasis scale treated with fibrinolysin and acid citrate buffer were examined using electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. Each extract showed electrophoretic and immunoelec-trophoretic pattern similar to that of normal human serum, although the albumin-globulin ratio was lower than that of normal human serum. Extract after fibrinolysin treatment showed larger amount of substances than that after acid citrate buffer treatment. In each extract, high concentrations of fibrindegrated products were found; fibrinogen was absent. These findings suggest that in the main mechanism of the deposition of plasma protein non-immunological processes are involved, as revealed by our previous study with an immunohistochemical method, and that some fibrinolytic process occurs in psoriatic lesions.This research was supported by the grant No. 367201 from the Ministry of Education of Japan     

A new method for evaluating antitussives in cats using an electrode-cannula.

An emplaced laryngo-tracheal electrode-cannula was employed to induce and to measure cough in cats anesthetized with either sodium pentobarbital or Dial--urethane. Carbetapentane citrate, codeine sulfate and dextromethorphan hydrobromide were tested for antitussive action by this method. Relative antitussive potency obtained in order of decreasing effectiveness was dextromethorphan hydrobromide, codeine sulfate and carbetapentane citrate.     

Endogenous and exogenous citrate transport and release in prostatic preparations: semi-polarized two-dimensional cultures of human PNT2-C2 cells and isolated tubules and segments of rat prostate

BACKGROUND: Electrophysiological characterization of normal human prostate epithelial cells showed exogenous trivalent citrate transport (release) to be K(+)-dependent. METHODS: (1) Ussing chamber recordings of short circuit current (SCC) were used to study citrate transport in the same (PNT2-C2) cell line grown on micro-pore filters as a monolayer. (2) Release of endogenous citrate from confluent cultures and tubules and segments of rat prostate was measured using a fluorescence technique. (3) Enzyme-spectrophotometry was employed to detect citrate release from segments of rat prostate. RESULTS: Citrate transport across the PNT2-C2 monolayer was asymmetrical, consistent with release into the lumen-side. Fluorescence and/or enzyme-spectrophotometric measurements showed that time-dependent citrate release (endogeneous and preabsorbed) occurred from rat prostate (tubules and segments), but not kidney or lung. The release was dependent on extracellular K(+) but not Na(+). CONCLUSIONS: Citrate release from prostatic cells and tissues (rat and human) was K(+)-dependent, consistent with the previous electrophysiological data.