消化系统疾病的研究进展

上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院消化学科在“211”二期项目建设成果的基础上,经过5年三期建设的努力,除在原有优势项目如对消化系肿瘤发生与诊治和慢性肝病诊治的研究取得了诸多成效外,还开辟了小肠疾病诊治研究的新领域.建设期间,系统研究了消化系肿瘤(胃癌和大肠癌)发生的分子机制、早期诊断和综合预防,特别是表观遗传修饰(DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、micro RNA等)与信号通路在消化系肿瘤发生和发展中的作用；建立胶囊内镜和双气囊内镜在小肠疾病诊断中的关键技术,从而提高小肠疾病的诊断率,探索并开拓了小肠内镜诊断应用的新途径,使小肠内镜在我国得到普及和推广,并对血管发育不良所致不明原因消化道出血进行临床创新性治疗及其机制探索；建立了慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝纤维化非创诊断模型,同时系统阐述并证实了核苷类抗病毒药及氧化苦参碱等在抑制纤维化及减缓疾病进展中的作用和机制.以上研究成果获得两项国家科技进步二等奖,并进入“国家临床重点专科(消化内科)”和“国家临床重点专科(卫生部重点实验室)”建设行列,学科总体水平得以显著提高.     

Human growth and chronic disease: A memorial to Jim Tanner

Context: Memorial to Jim Tanner.

Objective: To examine the links between early growth and chronic disease in later life.

Methods: Literature review.

Results: There is now a developmental model for the origins of chronic disease in which the causes to be identified are linked to normal variations in feto-placental, infant and childhood growth and development. These variations lead to variations in the supply of nutrients to the baby that permanently alters gene expression, a process known as ‘programming’.

Conclusions: Variations in the processes of development programme the function of a few key systems that are linked to chronic disease—the immune system, anti-oxidant defences, inflammatory responses, the number and quality of stem cells, neuro-endocrine settings and the balance of the autonomic nervous system. There is not a separate cause for each different disease. Which chronic disease originates during development may depend more on timing than on qualitative differences in exposures to external influences.     

Assessment of intracellular cytokines and regulatory cells in patients with autoimmune diseases and primary immunodeficiencies — Novel tool for diagnostics and patient follow-up

Serum and intracytoplasmic cytokines are mandatory in host defense against microbes, but also play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by initiating and perpetuating various cellular and humoral autoimmune processes.     

Ziltivekimab for Treatment of Anemia of Inflammation in Patients on Hemodialysis: Results from a Phase 1/2 Multicenter,Randomized, Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Trial

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The role of regional anaesthesia and multimodal analgesia in the prevention of chronic postoperative pain: a narrative review

Effective prevention of chronic postoperative pain is an important clinical goal, informed by a growing body of studies. Peri-operative regional anaesthesia remains one of the most important tools in the multimodal analgesic toolbox, blocking injury-induced activation and sensitisation of both the peripheral and central nervous system. We review the definition and taxonomy of chronic postoperative pain, its mechanistic basis and the most recent evidence for the preventative potential of multimodal analgesia, with a special focus on regional anaesthesia. While regional anaesthesia targets several important aspects of the mechanistic pathway leading to chronic postoperative pain, evidence for its efficacy is still mixed, possibly owing to the heterogeneity of risk profiles within the surgical patient, but also to variation in techniques and medications reported in the literature.