Computer-Aided Diagnosis Scheme for Distinguishing Between Benign and Malignant Masses on Breast DCE-MRI Images Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Bayesian Optimization

Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a higher sensitivity of early breast cancer than mammography, the specificity is lower. The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast masses on dynamic contrast material-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) by using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) with Bayesian optimization. Our database consisted of 56 DCE-MRI examinations for 56 patients, each of which contained five sequential phase images. It included 26 benign and 30 malignant masses. In this study, we first determined a baseline DCNN model from well-known DCNN models in terms of classification performance. The optimum architecture of the DCNN model was determined by changing the hyperparameters of the baseline DCNN model such as the number of layers, the filter size, and the number of filters using Bayesian optimization. As the input of the proposed DCNN model, rectangular regions of interest which include an entire mass were selected from each of DCE-MRI images by an experienced radiologist. Three-fold cross validation method was used for training and testing of the proposed DCNN model. The classification accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, the positive predictive value, and the negative predictive value were 92.9% (52/56), 93.3% (28/30), 92.3% (24/26), 93.3% (28/30), and 92.3% (24/26), respectively. These results were substantially greater than those with the conventional method based on handcrafted features and a classifier. The proposed DCNN model achieved high classification performance and would be useful in differential diagnoses of masses in breast DCE-MRI images as a diagnostic aid.     

基于CT和MRI膝关节有限元模型建立与不同载荷下生物力学特性分析

基于CT和MRI图像数据建立膝关节有限元模型,采用六面体网格对不同载荷系统下人体膝关节生物力学特性进行研究,并进行有效性验证。建立膝关节有限元模型包括:股骨、胫骨、髌骨、腓骨、股骨软骨、胫骨软骨、腓骨软骨、半月板、前后交叉韧带、内外侧副韧带、髌韧带和股四头肌腱等。对膝关节施加1 kN轴向压缩载荷、134 N后向抽屉力和5、10、15 N[?m内翻力矩和外翻力矩,分析膝关节内软骨和半月板的接触应力和接触面积,股骨内外翻倾角以及位移变化情况。在1 kN压缩载荷和134 N抽屉力作用下,股骨软骨、内外侧半月板和内外侧胫骨软骨的接触应力峰值分别为4.47、3.25、2.83、2.70、2.53 MPa,Von Mises应力峰值分别为2.22、2.44、2.25、2.07、1.64 MPa。股骨相对胫骨前向位移为4.19 mm。施加5、10、15 N[?m内翻和外翻力矩时,股骨内翻和外翻倾角分别为3.49°、4.48°、4.91°和3.22°、3.62°、4.01°。随着力矩的线性增大,膝关节各组成部分的应力呈非线性变化趋势。膝关节软骨、半月板和韧带的研究结果符合其生物力学特性,与前人数值分析和实验研究结果相一致,可为临床膝关节生理病理分析和治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

组织电导率性质对磁感应磁声耦合成像声源强度的影响

针对部分生物组织电导率分布具有各向异性的特点,对磁感应磁声耦合成像的声源强度特征进行理论分析,推导不同电导率性质的声源强度公式,并运用COMSOL Multiphysics5.5建立生物组织电导率模型,进行电磁场仿真分析求解,用Matlab 2016a计算其振动声源。结果证明,在同样磁场激励条件下,电导率各向同性和各向异性的声源分布都能反映生物组织的层析结构,但其强度不同。本研究为磁感应磁声耦合成像逆问题声源的精确重建提供了理论基础。     

流道型轴流血泵支承结构设计与分析

目的:为了改善电磁轴承结构复杂、体积偏大,液力轴承承载力小、不能在较大负载下工作的弊端,提出一种流道型磁液悬浮轴流血泵,提高血泵承载能力。方法:流道型轴流血泵轴向采用永磁力进行支承,径向采用转子叶轮的流道结构产生的液力悬浮;利用Ansys对轴向瞬态磁场进行仿真,对磁力变化进行研究,利用Fluent对不同开槽方向、角度、深度的径向液力进行仿真,对液力变化进行研究。结果:根据轴向磁力随位移的变化,得出磁力最大为2.9 N,楔形开槽结构倾斜角为28°,开槽数为5,槽深0.36 mm,叶顶间隙为0.40 mm,性能达到最优,能满足人体使用。结论:流道型轴流血泵相对于普通磁液悬浮血泵有更高的承载力,较好的悬浮性能,为轴流血泵的优化研究提供了新的思路。     

颞下颌关节可复性盘前移患者的MR表现

目的:研究颞下颌关节可复性盘前移（ADDWR）患者的磁共振（MR）成像表现。方法:纳入颞下颌关节ADDWR患者55例作为观察组,另纳入30例牙齿排列整齐的健康志愿者作为对照组。所有研究对象均接受MR成像检查,记录颞下颌关节ADDWR患者关节盘前移程度,比较不同严重程度患者关节盘形态和关节渗出情况。结果:55例颞下颌关节ADDWR患者中,轻症35例,重症20例。对照组、轻症组及重症组关节盘形态分型比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组对象颞下颌关节渗出情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同程度关节渗出患者视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。3组对象关节盘长度差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。轻度组关节盘前移度较重症组显著减轻,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:MR有助于颞下颌关节ADDWR患者病情判断,可为临床治疗提供依据。     

7.0 T高场磁共振磁敏感倍增成像效应研究

磁敏感性可以看作是物质的一种固有属性,不同的组织由于成分与结构的差异,磁敏感性往往各不相同,有效地利用磁化率的差异可为组织结构与功能提供额外的信息。基于这种新的成像对比机制,磁敏感加权成像技术(SWI)诞生。研究发现,在一定的条件下,由于磁敏感性差异的存在,特定组织在MR成像过程中会出现“成像倍增”,这种现象被称为磁敏感倍增成像效应。作为SWI技术的研究基础,全面准确地评估磁敏感倍增成像效应对SWI技术在临床上的进一步应用有重要意义。开展磁敏感倍增成像效应的相关研究,结合计算机模拟与体外实验,以像素数量及倍增因子为评估指标,建立磁化率、回波时间及物理大小与磁敏感倍增成像效应之间的量化关系。计算机模拟实验结果显示,磁化率、回波时间与磁敏感倍增成像效应呈正相关,在实验范围内,幅值与相位得到的倍增因子最高可达37,而在半径为0.5 voxel的圆柱模型中,SWI数据得到的倍增因子最高可达51;体外实验结果显示,0.3和0.46mm为直径的圆柱模型的倍增因子最高分别为13.25以及10.75,模型半径越小,磁敏感倍增成像效应越明显。研究结果对于SWI成像技术的发展以及疾病的早期发现有重要的参考价值。     

基于扩散磁共振的脑组织微结构成像研究综述

微结构成像是为了改善传统扩散磁共振成像的一些缺点而发展的一种新技术。微结构成像范式旨在建立组织结构特性与体素级磁共振信号相联系的模型,以此来估计并绘制微结构属性。目前该技术正在实现从实验室研究到临床应用研究的转变。首先介绍扩散磁共振成像并分析传统技术存在的主要问题,然后阐述微结构成像原理;随后,对受阻与受限制复合扩散模型、神经突起方向离散度与密度成像等微结构成像中常用的多隔室模型研究现状展开综述,包括模型组成、模型优化和临床应用等方面,重点在于深度学习算法应用于微结构成像参数拟合的研究现状。最后,对微结构成像技术发展趋势进行展望。     

基于磁共振图像的乳腺癌分子分型研究进展

在基因表达水平上,乳腺癌分子亚型的分析对评价乳腺癌的恶性程度及制定个体化治疗方案具有重要的临床应用价值。除免疫组织化学染色和基因芯片技术外,影像组学的兴起也为乳腺癌分子分型提供新的预测方式。综述基于磁共振成像的乳腺癌分子分型的研究现状。在概述乳腺磁共振成像原理和特点的基础上,分别从统计学分析及机器学习方法的角度,阐述乳腺癌的磁共振影像学表现与各分子亚型之间的关联性研究成果及预测算法,最后对乳腺癌分子分型研究做出总结并对未来的研究进行展望。基于磁共振成像(MRI)的乳腺癌分子分型的研究已取得了一些实质性进展,未来可借助更高阶的算法进一步深入挖掘乳腺癌MRI的形态学、背景实质增强、统计量及纹理等成像特征,使影像学特征作为潜在生物标记物,为乳腺癌的精准医疗提供帮助。     

Expression of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides in an H-Ras 12V Transgenic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeExpression of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1/1B3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induces a paradoxical enhancement of gadoxetic acid on liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We examined the expression profile of OATPs with regard to tumor differentiation in a genetically modified H-Ras 12V mouse model of spontaneous HCC that undergoes multistep hepatocarcinogenesis with minimal inter-individual variation.Materials and MethodsTumor nodules were harvested from transgenic H-Ras 12V mice. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were examined for tumor differentiation and high-grade pathological components (tumor necrosis, thickened trabeculae, or vascular invasion). Immunohistochemistry of OATP 1B1/1B3 was performed, and OATP expression was assessed.ResultsWe examined well-differentiated HCCs (n=59) in which high-grade pathological components were absent (n=49) or present (n=10). Among the well-differentiated HCCs without high-grade pathological components (n=49), OATP expression was negative, weak positive, and moderate positive in 23, 17, and nine cases, respectively. Among the well-differentiated HCCs with high-grade pathological components (n=10), OATP expression was negative, weak positive, and moderate positive in one, two, and seven cases, respectively. The ratio of positive OATP 1B1/1B3 expressing tumors was higher in HCCs with high-grade pathological components than in those without high-grade pathological components (p=0.004).ConclusionOur findings support those of previous clinical studies that have reported the frequent appearance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI in moderately differentiated HCC.     

Association of QRS-T angle and Late Gadolinium Enhancement in patients with a Clinical Suspicion of Myocarditis

Objective: To investigate the association of a wide QRS-T angle on the surface ECG and late gadolinium enhancement on contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic (CMR) imaging in patients with clinically suspected myocarditis.Background: Diagnosis and risk stratification in patients with suspected myocarditis is particularly challenging due to a great spectrum of clinical presentations. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) visualizes myocardial necrosis and fibrosis in patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis. The presence or absence of late gadolinium enhancements in these patients is prognostically meaningful. The QRS-T angle from the surface ECG, on the other hand, may serve as a simple and easily available risk marker in suspected myocarditis.Methods: We enrolled 97 consecutive patients that were referred to CMR imaging for a clinical suspicion of myocarditis. All patients obtained a standardized digital 12-lead ECG for the calculation of the QRS-T angle and underwent contrast-enhanced CMR imaging. Patients were divided into two groups according to the absence or presence of LGE on CMR.Results: 78 of 97 patients with suspected myocarditis had LGE on CMR. Patients with LGE had wider QRS-T angles as compared to the patient group without LGE (53.95-47.5 vs. 26.2-21.2; p<0.001). The sensivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value for a QRS-T angle above 90 degrees for LGE positive myocarditis were 16.5%, 100%, 24.7%, and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: A wide QRS-T angle of 90 degrees or more is linked to myocardial fibrosis or necrosis (late gadolinium enhancement) in patients with suspected myocarditis.