Recipient hypertonic saline infusion prevents cardiac allograft dysfunction

Objective

Hypertonic saline (HTS) has potent immune and vascular effects. We assessed recipient pretreatment with HTS on allograft function in a porcine model of heart transplantation and hypothesized that HTS infusion would limit endothelial and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction following transplantation.

Haemodynamic profiles of etomidate vs propofol for induction of anaesthesia: a randomised controlled trial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Background

Etomidate is frequently selected over propofol for induction of anaesthesia because of a putatively favourable haemodynamic profile, but data confirming this perception are limited.

A Reminder of Methylene Blue's Effectiveness in Treating Vasoplegic Syndrome after On-Pump Cardiac Surgery

The inflammatory response induced by cardiopulmonary bypass decreases vascular tone, which in turn can lead to vasoplegic syndrome. Indeed the hypotension consequent to on-pump cardiac surgery often necessitates vasopressor and intravenous fluid support. Methylene blue counteracts vasoplegic syndrome by inhibiting the formation of nitric oxide.We report the use of methylene blue in a 75-year-old man who developed vasoplegic syndrome after cardiac surgery. After the administration of methylene blue, his hypotension improved to the extent that he could be weaned from vasopressors. The use of methylene blue should be considered in patients who develop hypotension refractory to standard treatment after cardiac surgery.     

Stage 1 acute kidney injury is independently associated with infection following cardiac surgery

ObjectivesSevere acute kidney injury (AKI) is a known risk factor for infection and mortality. However, whether stage 1 AKI is a risk factor for infection has not been evaluated in adults. We hypothesized that stage 1 AKI following cardiac surgery would independently associate with infection and mortality.MethodsIn this retrospective propensity score–matched study, we evaluated 1620 adult patients who underwent nonemergent cardiac surgery at the University of Colorado Hospital from 2011 to 2017. Patients who developed stage 1 AKI by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria within 72 hours of surgery were matched to patients who did not develop AKI. The primary outcome was an infection, defined as a new surgical-site infection, positive blood or urine culture, or development of pneumonia. Secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality, stroke, and intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay (LOS).ResultsStage 1 AKI occurred in 293 patients (18.3%). Infection occurred in 20.9% of patients with stage 1 AKI compared with 8.1% in the no-AKI group (P < .001). In propensity-score matched analysis, stage 1 AKI independently associated with increased infection (odds ratio [OR]; 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-3.17), ICU LOS (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.71–3.31), and hospital LOS (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17-1.45).ConclusionsStage 1 AKI is independently associated with postoperative infection, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS. Treatment strategies focused on prevention, early recognition, and optimal medical management of AKI may decrease significant postoperative morbidity.     

Clinical outcomes of bypass-first versus endovascular-first strategy in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia due to infrageniculate arterial disease

Background

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), defined as ischemic rest pain or tissue loss secondary to arterial insufficiency, is caused by multilevel arterial disease with frequent, severe infrageniculate disease. The rise in CLTI is in part the result of increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes, renal insufficiency, and advanced aging of the population. The aim of this study was to compare a bypass-first with an endovascular-first revascularization strategy in patients with CLTI due to infrageniculate arterial disease.

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后造血干细胞动员的临床研究

目的研究非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)后造血干细胞动员的规律及影响因素。方法对55例择期行OPCAB、近期无急性心肌梗死患者,分别于术前30m in、术后6、12、24、48、72和120h采外周静脉血4m l,CD 34和CD 45双抗标记、流式细胞仪检测造血干细胞计数,同时检测心肌酶谱及肌钙蛋白T的变化。结果冠心病患者术前造血干细胞计数占外周血有核细胞数计数的0.13%±0.12%,OPCAB后明显升高,24h达到峰值(0.34%±0.20%),术后120h回到术前基线水平;吸烟、高血脂、糖尿病对造血干细胞动员无明显影响,但合并高血压病患者外周血造血干细胞动员明显低于无高血压病患者;术后24h造血干细胞动员与肌酸激酶及肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌钙蛋白T呈正相关(r=0.692,P=0.000;r=0.558,P=0.000;r=0.447,P=0.000;r=0.401,P=0.004)。结论OPCAB术后造血干细胞快速、短暂动员,心肌损伤程度、冠心病危险因素参与了造血干细胞动员的调节。     

心肺转流时间对氧代谢的影响

目的对心脏瓣膜手术病人麻醉与手术期间的氧代谢进行测定,探讨心肺转流(CPB)时间对其后氧代谢的影响。方法选择36例择期行心脏瓣膜手术病人,根据CPB时间,将病人分为S组(CPB≤150 min)和L组(CPB>150 min)。采用Swan-Ganz导管技术及反向Fick检测方法对麻醉手术期间的氧代谢进行测定。检测时点为麻醉前、CPB前、CPB停止10 min和60 min。结果麻醉前两组的pH、PaCO2、PaO2等血气参数维持在正常范围,但氧供(DO2)减少,氧摄取率(O2ER)增加。CPB前,两组病人DO2显著降低(P<0.05),S组的氧耗(VO2)显著降低(P<0.05)。CPB后10min到60 min期间,DO2、VO2显著增加(P<0.05),L组O2ER显著增加(P<0.05)。CPB后10 min和60 min,两组的pH、PaCO2及PaO2等虽与麻醉前比较有显著改变,但两组的变化是一致的。CPB后10 min两组的心指数(CI)较麻醉前和CPB前有极显著升高(P<0.01)。CPB后L组的VO2有增高趋势(P<0.05),O2ER明显大于S组。结论CPB对其后氧代谢有明显影响,随着CPB时间延长,CPB后氧代谢障碍更显著。     

Prevalence of vitamin D depletion among morbidly obese patients seeking gastric bypass surgery

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in calcium and vitamin D metabolism have been reported after bariatric surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate vitamin D nutritional status among morbidly obese patients before gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: We prospectively studied 279 morbidly obese patients seeking gastric bypass surgery for vitamin D nutritional status as assessed by serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. In addition, serum samples were analyzed for calcium, alkaline phosphatase (AP), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 43 +/- 9 years; 87% of the study patients were women, and 72% were white. Serum calcium and AP levels were normal in 88% and 89% of the patients, respectively. Vitamin D depletion, defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level bypass surgery, a majority of morbidly obese patients have vitamin D depletion and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Studies evaluating the effects of gastric bypass on vitamin D metabolism must consider preoperative vitamin D nutritional status.