Chronic disease risks and use of a smartphone application during a physical activity and dietary intervention in Australian truck drivers

Objective : This study examined chronic disease risks and the use of a smartphone activity tracking application during an intervention in Australian truck drivers (April‐October 2014). Methods : Forty‐four men (mean age=47.5 [SD 9.8] years) completed baseline health measures, and were subsequently offered access to a free wrist‐worn activity tracker and smartphone application (Jawbone UP) to monitor step counts and dietary choices during a 20‐week intervention. Chronic disease risks were evaluated against guidelines; weekly step count and dietary logs registered by drivers in the application were analysed to evaluate use of the Jawbone UP. Results : Chronic disease risks were high (e.g. 97% high waist circumference [≥94 cm]). Eighteen drivers (41%) did not start the intervention; smartphone technical barriers were the main reason for drop out. Across 20‐weeks, drivers who used the Jawbone UP logged step counts for an average of 6 [SD 1] days/week; mean step counts remained consistent across the intervention (weeks 1–4=8,743[SD 2,867] steps/day; weeks 17–20=8,994[SD 3,478] steps/day). The median number of dietary logs significantly decreased from start (17 [IQR 38] logs/weeks) to end of the intervention (0 [IQR 23] logs/week; p<0.01); the median proportion of healthy diet choices relative to total diet choices logged increased across the intervention (weeks 1–4=38[IQR 21]%; weeks 17–20=58[IQR 18]%). Conclusions : Step counts were more successfully monitored than dietary choices in those drivers who used the Jawbone UP. Implications : Smartphone technology facilitated active living and healthy dietary choices, but also prohibited intervention engagement in a number of these high‐risk Australian truck drivers.     

火车司机职业紧张及其影响因素分析

目的了解火车司机职业紧张现状及其影响因素。方法抽取福州、永安、邵武、漳平机务段初中文化以上、在职工龄≥1年、无精神疾患的火车司机1 077人,采用统一设计的调查表进行横断面流行病学调查,应用OSI-R量表、SDS自评量表、A型行为量表评价职业人群的职业应激、抑郁症状和A型行为,及职业紧张影响因素调查等;采用SPSS 18.0统计软件,运用t检验或方差分析、多元线性回归等统计方法,检验水准α=0.05。结果火车司机职业紧张评分为(252.19±38.16),在控制年龄、文化程度和婚姻状况下与列车员的职业紧张评分(253.88±41.49)比较,差异无统计学意义,但火车司机的紧张源评分(161.50±20.23)比列车员(154.27±21.79)高,紧张反应评分(90.69±20.73)比列车员(99.61±23.03)低,差异有统计学意义。不同的个体特征、行为/心理特征、应对资源和方式,职业紧张程度显著不同,逐步回归分析显示:抑郁障碍、生活情况、是否饮酒、适应能力、文化程度进入职业紧张回归方程,抑郁障碍的标准化偏回归系数最大,为0.537。火车司机紧张反应的影响因素分析显示,与朋友关系和个体适应能力与紧张反应呈负相关(r=-2.359,-2.702),对紧张反应呈正相关的有:抑郁障碍(r=0.452)与任务不适(r=0.912)、任务界限(r=0.680)、任务模糊(r=0.514)、责任感(r=0.710)、工作环境(r=0.364)这五个职业紧张因素。结论火车司机是高紧张状态的职业,调控措施可较好地控制紧张反应。火车司机职业紧张的主要影响因素是抑郁障碍、生活情况和适应能力、文化程度、饮酒,其中抑郁障碍对职业紧张的影响最大。职业紧张因素是紧张反应的重要危险因素,个体应对资源和方式是紧张反应的主要保护因素。     

Health and Safety Strategies of Urban Taxi Drivers

This study describes health and safety concerns and self-care strategies of San Francisco taxi drivers. Focus groups and a written cross-sectional survey were done in a convenience sample of taxi drivers working in San Francisco. Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed in English, and independently coded to identify major health and safety themes, using thematic content analysis. Strategies to manage health and safety issues are the focus of this analysis. Five focus groups were held in 2009 with 36 participants. Major health and safety themes included stress, body pain, danger, vulnerable employment status, and concerns related to unhealthy working conditions. Self-care strategies included diffusion/decompression to manage stress, maintaining a positive attitude, maintaining power and control, and practicing proactive self-care. Creative self-care strategies were described by taxi drivers to keep healthy and safe at work. These data will inform future self-care interventions to reduce health and safety risks of taxi driving.     

Development and Validation of Questionnaires on Professional Drivers’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Various Medications’ Influence on Driving Ability

IntroductionProfessional drivers’ knowledge about driving-impairing medications is not satisfactory. The aim of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaires designed to measure the knowledge and attitude of professional drivers about the influence of various medications on driving ability.MethodsThe questionnaires for assessing professional driver’s knowledge (performance-based) and attitudes about influence of various medications on driving abilities were developed by creating the item pool, testing reliability and validity, and factor analysis. The study was conducted as a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study population consisted of professional drivers, who filled out both questionnaires in three time intervals.ResultsBoth questionnaires showed great internal consistency and temporal stability. Cronbach’s Alpha for the first questionnaire was 0.984 and for the second it was 0.944. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test for the first questionnaire confirmed sampling adequacy with its value of 0.964 and for the second questionnaire it was 0.933. Exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire showed that three factors were revealed after rotation for the first questionnaire and they explained 78.0% of variance. Both questionnaires showed high degree of correlation between scores after the first and repeated administration, Spearman’s rho coefficient of correlation for was 0.962 and 0.980.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, we believe that both questionnaires are useful tools for testing professional drivers’ knowledge and attitudes about the influence of medications on driving ability.     

基于USB的量子密钥分发系统中高速数据通道的设计

提出了一种量子密钥分发(QKD,quantum key distribution)系统中高速数据通道的设计方案—基于通用串行总线(USB,universal serial bus)的数据通道。通过对QKD系统中经典信道数据带宽的分析,设计了USB数据通道方案,并通过USB的速度的测试给出合适的USB参数。实验表明,此数据通道可以适应光子发射频率为20 MHz的QKD系统,且在带宽方面有很大的余量,可以适应后续QKD系统速度提升的需求。     

The relationship between central and mid-peripheral motion perception and the hazard perception test in younger and older adults

Introduction

Vision standards for driving are typically based on visual acuity, despite evidence that it is a poor predictor of driving safety and performance. However, visual motion perception is potentially relevant for driving, as the vehicle and surroundings are in motion. This study explored whether tests of central and mid-peripheral motion perception better predict performance on a hazard perception test (HPT), which is related to driving performance and crash risk, than visual acuity. Additionally, we explored whether age influences these associations, as healthy ageing impairs performance on some motion sensitivity tests.

Methods

Sixty-five visually healthy drivers (35 younger, mean age: 25.5; SD 4.3 years; 30 older adults, mean age: 71.0; SD 5.4 years) underwent a computer-based HPT, plus four different motion sensitivity tests both centrally and at 15° eccentricity. Motion tests included minimum displacement to identify motion direction (D_min), contrast detection threshold for a drifting Gabor (motion contrast), coherence threshold for a translational global motion stimulus and direction discrimination for a biological motion stimulus in the presence of noise.

Results

Overall, HPT reaction times were not significantly different between age groups (p = 0.40) nor were maximum HPT reaction times (p = 0.34). HPT response time was associated with motion contrast and D_min centrally (r = 0.30, p = 0.02 and r = 0.28, p = 0.02, respectively) and with D_min peripherally (r = 0.34, p = 0.005); these associations were not affected by age group. There was no significant association between binocular visual acuity and HPT response times (r = 0.02, p = 0.29).

Conclusions

Some measures of motion sensitivity in central and mid-peripheral vision were associated with HPT response times, whereas binocular visual acuity was not. Peripheral testing did not show an advantage over central testing for visually healthy older drivers. Our findings add to the growing body of evidence that the ability to detect small motion changes may have potential to identify unsafe road users.     

药物临床试验医务工作者定向培训效果探讨

摘 要：目的：了解宁波市公交车司机健康状况和健康管理需求，为后续健康促进提供参考依据。方法：使用自行设计 的调查问卷和访谈提纲进行面对面调查和小组座谈。结果：在宁波大市范围随机抽出200名司机参与问卷调查，就近选择12 名司机参加座谈会。该群体吸烟和运动不足问题较为突出，常见健康问题主要有腰椎、手腕、颈椎和关节的不适，高血压、 糖尿病和高血脂的患病率高。结论：该群体健康知识匮乏、保健意识薄弱、健康危险因素多及受到疾病困扰多，急需得到针 对性的健康管理服务，以保障健康。     

2012—2021年苏州市甲型、戊型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

目的：了解2012—2021年苏州市甲型病毒性肝炎（简称甲肝）和戊型病毒性肝炎（简称戊肝）的流行特征，为制定甲肝和戊肝的防控策略提供参考。方法：收集“传染病监测系统”中甲肝和戊肝的传报卡数据，对2012—2021年苏州市甲肝和戊肝的流行情况进行描述性分析。结果：2012—2021年苏州市共报告甲肝病例561例、戊肝病例2 426例，年均发病率分别为0.52/10万和2.24/10万。5个远郊县区（张家港市、太仓市、常熟市、昆山市、吴江区）人群甲肝平均发病率为0.57/10万，高于城区（姑苏区、虎丘区、吴中区、相城区、工业园区）人群（0.44/10万）；城区人群戊肝平均发病率为2.43/10万，高于远郊县区（2.11/10万）。甲肝发病呈全年散发，戊肝发病以冬春季为主。甲肝发病率最高的3个年龄组分别为70～79岁（1.20/10万）、50～59岁（0.99/10万）和60～69岁（0.97/10万），发病无性别差异；戊肝发病率最高的3个年龄组分别为60～69岁（5.34/10万）、70～79岁（5.09/10万）和50～59岁（4.35/10万），男性发病率（2.61/10万）高于女性（...