基于CAN的通讯适配器的开发

CAN总线上的节点是网络上的信息接收和发送站,本文介绍CAN总线系统智能结点接口电路的设计;CAN接口电路软件的设计,解决传统的RS232接口设备向CAN接口转换的问题。     

基于通用串行总线的主机与小型医学仪器互连的研究

目的 探讨实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方法，以便最终实现小型医学仪器的网络化。方法 本文提出了利用通用串行总线（USB）实现主机与小型医学仪器互连的方案，同时解决了此方案中最关键的技术，即如何利用USB总线实现医学仪器的实时数据采集和传输，具体工作包括硬件设计、固体设计、驱动程序设计和应用程序设计。结果 利用USB总线实现了医学信号的实时数据采集和传输，为下一步实现医学仪器与主机互连打下了基础。结论 利用通用串行总线实现主机与小型医学仪器的互连是可行的。     

北京地区出租车司机血清生化指标调查

目的 探讨出租车司机与普通人群血清生化指标差异.方法 用全自动生化分析仪分别对出租车司机与普通人群的血清生化指标进行分析,比较其差异性.结果 除20～29岁年龄段血肌酐检测结果正常外,男性出租车司机各生化指标异常率明显高于普通体检人群(P＜0.05).女性出租车司机各生化指标检测也得到了相似结果.结论 出租车司机由于职业原因身体健康状况较差,需引起更广泛的关注.     

Direct medical costs for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the total direct medical costs to society for patients with type 2 diabetes in Sweden and to investigate how different factors, for example diabetic late complications, affect costs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data regarding health care utilization, clinical characteristics and quality of life, were collected at a single time-point. Data on resource use cover the 6-month period prior to this time point. SETTING: Patient recruitment and data collection were performed in nine primary care centres in three main regions in Sweden. SUBJECTS: Only patients with an age at diabetes diagnosis >/= 30 years (type 2 diabetes) were included (n = 777). RESULTS: The total annual direct medical costs for the Swedish diabetes type 2 population were estimated at about 7 billion SEK (Swedish Kronor) in 1998 prices, which is about 6% of the total health care expenditures and more than four times higher than the former Swedish estimate obtained when using diabetes as main diagnosis for calculating costs. The annual per patient cost was about 25 000 SEK. The largest share of this cost was hospital inpatient care. Costs increased with diabetes duration and were higher for patients treated with insulin compared to those treated with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or with life style modification only. Patients with both macro- and microvascular complications had more than three times higher costs compared with patients without such complications. CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes is a serious and expensive disease and the key to reducing costs seems to be intensive management and control in order to prevent and delay the associated late complications.     

Navigational expertise may compromise anterograde associative memory

Grey matter volume increases have been associated with expertise in a range of domains. Much less is known, however, about the broader cognitive advantages or costs associated with skills and their concomitant neuroanatomy. In this study we investigated a group of highly skilled navigators, licensed London taxi drivers. We replicated findings from previous studies by showing taxi drivers had greater grey matter volume in posterior hippocampus and less grey matter volume in anterior hippocampus compared to matched control subjects. We then employed an extensive battery of tests to investigate the neuropsychological consequences of being a skilled taxi driver. Their learning of and recognition memory for individual items was comparable with control subjects, as were working memory, retrograde memory, perceptual and executive functions. By contrast, taxi drivers were significantly more knowledgeable about London landmarks and their spatial relationships. However, they were significantly worse at forming and retaining new associations involving visual information. We consider possible reasons for this decreased performance including the reduced grey matter volume in the anterior hippocampus of taxi drivers, similarities with models of aging, and saturation of long-term potentiation which may reduce information-storage capacity.     

Factors affecting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related costs: a multivariate analysis of a Swedish COPD cohort

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an increasing public health problem, generating considerable costs. The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting COPD-related costs. A cohort of 179 subjects with COPD was interviewed over the telephone on four occasions about their annual use of COPD-related resources. The data set and explanatory variables were analysed by means of multivariate regression techniques for six different types of cost: societal (or total), direct (health care) and indirect (productivity), and three subcomponents of direct costs—hospitalisation, outpatient and medication. Poor lung function, dyspnoea and asthma were independently associated with higher costs. Poor lung function (severity of COPD) significantly increased all six examined cost types. Dyspnoea (breathing problems) also increased costs, though to a varying extent. The presence of reported asthma increased total, direct, outpatient and medication costs. Poor lung function and, to a lesser extent, extent of dyspnoea and concomitant asthma, were all strongly associated with higher COPD-related costs. Strong efforts should be made to prevent the progression of COPD and its symptoms.      

垃圾堆肥自动控制系统设计

简述了垃圾堆肥工艺控制要求以及自动控制方案的确定．介绍了计算机监控系统的组成、功能以及网络的搭建。