Progressive-ratio performance maintained by drug infusions: Comparison of cocaine,diethylpropion, chlorphentermine,and fenfluramine

Cocaine, diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine were compared on a drug-maintained progressive-ratio procedure in baboons. Intravenous infusions of drug were contingent on completion of a fixed-ratio response requirement (fixed number of lever-press responses) with a 3-h time-out period following each infusion. Prior to testing each dose of drug, stable self-infusion performance was first established with 0.4 mg/kg cocaine when the fixed-ratio requirement was 160. Subsequently, a test dose of drug was substituted for the standard dose of cocaine. If the dose of drug maintained a criterion level of self-infusion performance (six or more infusions per day for 2 days), the ratio requirement was systematically increased every day until the breaking point at which the self-infusion performance fell below a criterion level (one or zero infusionsper day). Fenfluramine did not maintain criterion self-infusion performance at any dose tested (0.02–5.0 mg/kg). The dose ranges of the other drugs that maintained maximum breaking points were 1.0–5.6 mg/kg for chlorphentermine, 1.0–3.0 mg/kg for diethylpropion, and 0.1–0.4 mg/kg for cocaine. Within-animal comparison of the maximum breaking points indicated that cocaine maintained the highest breaking points, followed in order by diethylpropion, chlorphentermine, and fenfluramine. The rank ordering of these drugs with the breaking point measure corresponds well with both the results of other animal experiments on measurement of reinforcing efficacy of these drugs and with the clinical information about the human subjective effects and abuse of these drugs.     

Use of sclera and liquid collagen in the camouflage of superior sulcus deformities

The cosmetic deformities following enucleation are often unavoidable. Loss of orbital volume and atrophy of orbital fat create significant enophthalmos. The literature is filled with numerous procedures that add to the orbital volume of the anophthalmic socket. An outline of three procedures to the upper eyelid to camouflage an enophthalmic appearance are presented. These can be used alone or in conjunction with an "orbital volume increasing" procedure. Two procedures can be used in an office setting to alleviate small deformities; 19 patients have been treated in this manner with a follow-up period of up to 26 months.     

电针“曲泉”穴对小鼠胆汁分泌的影响

本实验用具备胆瘘的大鼠颈静脉恒速灌注肝胆酸钠10μmol/(100g·h)维持胆汁酸池恒定条件下,观察电针“曲泉”穴对肝胆汁分泌的影响及与受体的炎系。结果表明:电针“曲泉”穴,胆汁流量、胆汁K~+、Na~+、Cl~-、HCO_3~-排出量均显著增加,(P<0.01),但不影响胆酸的排出量。说明电针“曲泉”穴有利胆作用,所刺激肝胆汁本属不依赖胆汁酸部分。在本实验条件下,静脉给予阿托品(0.2mg/kg),酚妥拉明2.5mg/(kg·h))、心得安(5mg/kg)对胆汁分泌无显著影响,但阿托品有加强其利胆效应的倾向(P>0.05),而心得安则完全抑制其效应(P<0.01)。结果表明:“曲泉”穴的利胆效应与β受体有关,与α受体关系不大,并提示M受体或阿托品及体液因素如促胰液素,胰高血糖素等亦可参与“曲泉”穴的利胆机制。     

弥可保穴位注射治疗糖尿病周围神经病变40例

采用常规饮食控制加诺和灵控制血糖基础上配合弥可保穴位注射治疗糖尿病周围神经病变 4 0例 ,并设单纯西药治疗 4 0例为对照组。结果 ;治疗组显效 17例 ,有效 19例 ,无效 4例 ,总有效率 90 .0 % ;对照组显效 7例 ,有效 18例 ,无效 15例 ,总有效率 6 2 .5 %。两组比较有显著差异 (χ2 =11.992 ,P<0 .0 0 5 )。肌电图结果提示治疗组神经传导速度明显改善 ,优于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 )     

神阙穴敷贴对原发性骨质疏松症骨钙素的影响

目的　观察神阙穴贴补血益精透皮贴对原发性骨质疏松症骨钙素 (BGP)的影响。方法　选择原发性骨质疏松症患者130名 ,分神阙穴贴药组 (补血益精穴位透皮贴剂 )、西药组 (羟乙磷酸钠片 )、中药组 (补血益精药丸 )、空白对照组。结果和结论　穴位敷贴组能显著提高骨钙素 (7.69± 1.65 )。穴位敷贴组与中药组 (7.82± 0 .99)和西药对照组 (7.13± 0 .89)对原发性骨质疏松症的骨钙素调整作用基本一致 (P>0 .0 5 )。     

滞针法治疗免疫性不育症79例的临床观察

目的 观察滞针法治疗免疫性不育症的疗效。方法 取肝俞、肾俞、心俞、膈俞、太冲、太溪、神门、血海穴为主，常规刺入穴位后采用滞针法，治疗免疫性不育症79例。结果与结论经4个月治疗后，总有效率91．1％，且治疗后男性患者精液的精子密度、精子活率、精子活力均有所提高，说明 滞针法对免疫性不育症及其异常精液有明显的改善作用。     

佛山市先天性甲状腺功能减低症筛查

目的了解佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症(CH)的发生率,探讨初筛实验中召回复查的适当阳性切割点(筛查切值)。方法对出生48～72h后的81439例新生儿采集足跟血滤纸标本,荧光免疫法检测血中促甲状腺素(TSH)浓度,确诊用电化学发光法测定血清总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、甲状腺素(TT4)、血清游离T3(FT3)、血清游离T4(FT4)及TSH浓度。TSH初筛结果≥8mIU/L即召回复查,并结合骨龄检查及甲状腺核素扫描以确诊。结果检出52例CH,发生率63.85/10万(1:1566)。结论本组筛查结果显示佛山市初生人口中先天性甲状腺功能减低症的发生率高于国内主要城市报道。原因考虑与充分利用本市新生儿疾病筛查工作三级管理网络,对初筛结果异常者复查率达100%及适当降低阳性切割点,及时召回复查,减少漏诊有关。     

穴位注射治疗高粘血症50例临床疗效观察

目的：观察穴位注射治疗高粘血症的临床疗效。方法：以特定穴中的心俞、肝俞、脾俞、肾俞、三焦俞背俞穴为主，配合膈俞、气海俞、关元俞，每次选取4个穴位。用复方丹参注射液、黄芪注射液行穴位注射，10次为1个疗效。结果：治疗2个疗程后，显效30例，有效17例，无效3例，总有效率为94％。结论：穴位注射治疗高粘血症有较好疗效。     

腹穴治疗脾肾两虚型颈椎病

颈椎病是针灸科门诊非常常见的疾病 ,近年来发病率逐渐提高 ,并且有发病年龄年轻化倾向。笔者采用腹穴为主治疗脾肾两虚型颈椎病 ,获得满意疗效 ,现总结如下。1　一般资料针灸门诊颈椎病患者 6 0人 ,中医辨证均是脾肾两虚 ,按就诊顺序随机分成 2组 ,即治疗组和对照组各30例。所有病人都经过拍片或CT或MRI检查确诊患颈椎骨质增生、生理弧度变直、甚至颈椎间盘突出 ,并伴有临床症状 ,两组详细资料见表 1。表 1　两组一般资料比较分　组例　数男　性女　性年　龄例　数伴疼痛伴眩晕伴疼痛和眩晕治疗组 3 0 13 17 <3 5 2 10 9113 5～ 5 0 16>5…     

Preservation of the great auricular nerve during parotidectomy

The great auricular nerve is routinely divided during the operation of parotidectomy, however some surgeons have suggested that preserving the posterior branches reduces the area of post-operative anaesthesia. A prospective study was performed comparing the area of anaesthesia and hypoaesthesia in patients undergoing parotidectomy. In 20 patients the great auricular nerve was preserved and in 11 it was sacrificed. Mapping of the area of sensory loss at 2 weeks, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months showed that there was no difference between the two groups. The area of sensory loss decreased in an exponential fashion in both groups. The majority of the change occurred within 6 months. We conclude that preservation of the posterior branches of the great auricular nerve is unnecessary.