工医结合、促进新世纪康复工程的发展

新的国际残疾分类ICF强调活动与参与功能 ,给康复工程提出了新的挑战。配合康复医疗发展的大趋向 ,康复工程将加强为老年人群服务的辅助工程 ,并开辟面向社区的康复工程新领域。康复工程人员与康复医务人员合作的方式包括 :共同参加康复工程的专科门诊、联合查房、跨科性专题研讨会等。举例说明在“改善身体活动的工程”、“改善生活质量的工程”、“通达技术工程”、“预防工作性劳损的工程”等领域中 ,工医合作的必要性。应在合作中 ,共同提出问题和需求、监测和评估康复工程产品使用的情况和效果     

“武昌模式”对民间中医特色诊疗技术落地推广应用的启发和思考

民间中医特色诊疗技术以其安全有效,成本低廉,简单易学而受到重视,它的推广应用有助于解决群众“看病难、看病贵”的问题,对于提高医疗服务水平,完善卫生服务体系有着重要意义。但是由于多方面原因,多年来有关部门虽然着力推广,效果却不尽如人意。“武昌模式”是当前我国在面对突发重大公共卫生事件时,在社区内部使用中医药安全防控的一种创新模式。受这次疫情“武昌模式”的影响和启发,为民间传统中医药包括民间中医特色的诊疗技术推广应用工作提供了一条崭新的思路,做到“战时”抗疫,平时加强人民群众对传统中医药诊疗技术的认识和理解,提高临床治疗疗效,降低卫生费用支出,提高民间中医药服务管理能力和科学化水平,保卫人民健康。     

Live birth after cervical ectopic uterus transplantation in mice

An ideal animal model is a prerequisite for the basic research of uterus transplantation. This study aimed to develop a new cervical ectopic uterus transplantation mice model, which was established by vascular anastomosis of the right common iliac artery and vein of the donor with the right common carotid artery and external jugular vein of the recipient, respectively, using the cuff method. The survival status of the transplanted uterus was assessed by macroscopic observation and histological examination after surgery, and the function of the graft uterus was tested by verifying whether the pregnancy is possible. A total of 40 transplants were performed, of which only 1 failed due to donor hemorrhage. After 26 transplants, the total operation time reduced to 52.4 ± 3.8 minutes, of which the total ischemia time took 6.6 ± 1.1 minutes. Sixty days after transplantation, all the graft uteri had a good blood supply and spontaneous contraction. The histology showed no significant difference between the transplanted uterus and the native. Embryo transfer experiments have proven that the transplanted uterus has uterine function. In conclusion, this new model is an effective and simple mice model for the studies of the scientific issues related to uterus transplantation.     

DVPV系统三维影像及虚拟现实导航在泌尿外科复杂手术的应用

目的探讨DVPV数字化手术辅助影像导航技术在泌尿外科复杂手术中的应用价值。方法应用DVPV系统的三维可视化数字重建、虚拟现实应用、全息医疗专业影像平台,在普通CT或MRI数据的基础上进行三维图像重建,术前制定最优的手术方案,术中通过虚拟现实眼镜观看病灶影像并为手术操作进行导航。记录手术操作时间、疗效与围手术期并发症。结果 7例手术均顺利完成。3例肾血管平滑肌瘤(2例为较大体积,1例为肾门肿瘤)被完整切除,患侧肾脏均被保留。无损伤肾门血管和肾盂,平均出血量30 ml,平均手术时间105 min。在肾结石病例中,术中影像导航下避开肾脏重要血管,切开肾皮质的薄弱处取净鹿角型结石,手术时间120 min,出血量约50 ml。大体积中叶前列腺癌用腹腔镜技术完成根治术,出血量约75 ml。前列腺巨大囊性肿物行经直肠穿刺抽液+肿物活检术。肾上腺肿瘤用腹腔镜切除。全部患者平均住院日4.5 d,术中术后无并发症,恢复良好。结论 DVPV数字化手术影像导航系统有助于术前疾病评估,明确病变位置,术中虚拟现实影像导航,可提高医师操作的精准性,降低手术出血量、操作难度与风险,缩短手术时间,让患者获益。     

Use of urinary balloon catheter to prevent postoperative bleeding after ultrasound‐guided vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy

Postoperative bleeding is the most frequent serious complications after vacuum‐assisted breast biopsy (VABB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of using urinary balloon catheter to prevent postoperative bleeding after ultrasound‐guided VABB. From May 2016 to June 2018, 324 patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided VABB were randomized into the study group and control group. In the study group, an urinary balloon catheter was inserted into the excision cavity to prevent bleeding and hematoma. In the control group, compression with thorax pressure bandage was used for hemostasis. Postoperative subcutaneous ecchymosis and hematoma were recorded and compared between the two groups. The rates of postoperative ecchymosis and hematoma in the study group were significantly lower than that in the control group (5.6% vs 13.0%, P < .05; 8.0% vs 20.4%, P < .05). Among patients with lesions ≤1.5 cm, the rates of postoperative ecchymosis and hematoma were 2.9% and 4.3% in the study group, 6.5% and 11.7% in the control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > .05). Among patients with lesions >1.5 cm, the rates of postoperative ecchymosis and hematoma in the study group were significantly lower than that in the control group (7.6% vs 18.8%, P < .05; 10.9% vs 28.2%, P < .05). Hemostasis with balloon urinary catheter is a safe and effective method to prevent postoperative bleeding after VABB.     

Introduction of new techniques and technologies in surgery: Where is transanal total mesorectal excision today?

The introduction of new surgical techniques and technologies has traditionally been unregulated. In many settings surgeons frequently adopt novel procedures without following a structured program of implementation or supervision. The appearance of innovative technology played a pivotal role in the advancement of new surgical techniques during the industrial revolution. Innovation has been an essential component of surgical development, which led to contemporary surgical techniques such as minimally invasive surgery. Different initiatives have been developed to guide the safe introduction of new surgical techniques and other procedures. Those include comprehensive concepts such as the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study framework, which could be particularly relevant when reflecting on the novel transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME), introduced a decade ago. This relatively novel and complex procedure promised to overcome some of the major limitations of traditional surgical approaches for rectal cancer. According to the Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study framework, taTME is in the phase of exploration, where there is an existing and increasing number of reports being published as the experience grows. The current management of rectal cancer is in a state of radical evolution, with multiple options that were not previously available. TaTME is only one technique amongst many which could be part of a rectal cancer surgeon’s armamentarium; however, it requires further rigorous study and evaluation.     

A recombination between two Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV‐1) vaccine strains has caused severe outbreaks in Danish pigs

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is prevalent in Danish swine herds. In July 2019, PRRSV‐1 was detected in a PRRSV‐negative boar station and subsequently spread to more than 38 herds that had received semen from the boar station. Full genome sequencing revealed a sequence of 15.098 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the strain was a recombination between the Amervac strain (Unistrain PRRS vaccine; Hipra) and the 96V198 strain (Suvaxyn PRRS; Zoetis AH). The major parent was the 96V198 strain that spanned ORFs 1–2 and part of ORF 3 and the minor parent was the Amervac strain, which constituted the remaining part of the genome. The virus seems to be highly transmissible and has caused severe disease in infected herds despite a high level of genetic identity to the attenuated parent strains. The source of infection was presumable a neighbouring farm situated 5.8 km from the boar station.