长期危险饮酒与脂代谢糖耐量变化及动脉硬化的关系

目的探讨长期危险饮酒与脂代谢、糖耐量变化及动脉粥样硬化的关系，为长期危险饮酒人群动脉粥样硬化的早期预防及治疗提供依据。方法按世界卫生组织饮酒分类标准和1999年的糖耐量低减标准，从体检中心健康体检者中选出符合以上条件男性96例（A组）；根据体检者自愿的原则将A组分为禁酒组（A1组）48例，危险饮酒组（A2组）48例；非饮酒符合糖耐量正常者56例（B组）。先量体检者的收缩压，然后抽取A、B两组体检者的空腹和进食75g葡萄糖的2h血样，空腹血样分别测定空腹胰岛素（Fins）、空腹血糖（FBG）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）的浓度；餐后2h血样分别测定2h血糖（BG）和2h胰岛素（Ins）的浓度；6个月和2年后，以同样的方法测定A1组和A2组血样的相关项目。结果A组体检者血清中的FBG、2hBG、Fins、2h Ins、TG、TC、LDL-C的浓度均较B组明显升高，而HDL-C和ApoA1明显下降；6个月后，A1组与A2组及B组相比，脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗有了明显的改善，糖耐量低减状态明显好转；2年后A1组的所有检测指标基本接近B组水平，而A2组主要表现为高TG和TC及低HDL-C血症、代偿性高Ins血症、胰岛素抵抗，糖耐量状态显著恶化。结论禁酒或控制饮酒量，改变不良生活习惯，并对脂代谢紊乱进行积极的治疗，改善糖耐量状态，可有效控制和延缓动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展。     

药物涂层球囊治疗下肢动脉疾病研究进展

下肢动脉疾病(LEAD)是由动脉粥样硬化引起的下肢动脉管腔狭窄、闭塞,导致相应肢体出现缺血症状的一类疾病。腔内介入是治疗LEAD的主要方式,包括经皮腔内血管成型术(PTA)及支架植入术,但术后再狭窄率较高。药物涂层球囊(DCB)可在抑制血管内膜增生及炎症反应的同时避免腔内异物存留,对于原发病变及支架内再狭窄均有较好疗效。本文对DCB作用原理及其治疗LEAD应用现状和研究进展进行综述。     

DSA 检查判断下肢动脉硬化闭塞性肢体坏疽截肢平面的效果

目的 判断数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）检查决定下肢动脉硬化闭塞性肢体坏疽截肢平面的效果.方法 分析该市市立四家医院骨科2009年1月-2013年1月收治的下肢动脉硬化闭塞性肢体坏疽的病例105例,分析患者DSA检查结果与截肢平面及其伤口愈合情况.结果 位于动脉完全闭塞平面以近截肢伤口一期愈合率100%,位于动脉完全闭塞平面以远10 cm内的截肢伤口一期愈合率90.9%,位于动脉完全闭塞平面以远10 cm外截肢伤口一期愈合率33.3%.结论在DSA检查的动脉完全闭塞平面以远10 cm内的截肢是相对安全的,该法简便实用.     

CHA2DS2-VASc score is a useful-predictor of not prognosis but coronary-arteriosclerosis in chronic atrial-fibrillation compared with CHADS2 score: A two-center study of 320-slice CT,part 2

Background

The aim of this study is to predict the risk of coronary-arteriosclerosis and prognosis in subjects with chronic-atrial-fibrillation (CAF) using the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores by 320-slice-CT and invasive-coronary-angiography (ICA) in a two-center-study.

Methods

53 CAF subjects who underwent 320-slice-CT and ICA within 6-months (43 male; 69 ± 9 years; CHADS2 score 2.2 ± 1.3; CHA2DS2-VASc score 3.5 ± 1.6) in the two-institutes were analyzed. CT and ICA data were transferred to the analysis-center and were analyzed by cardiologists.

Results

Agatston-calcium-score and frequencies of the presence of various-kinds of plaques and > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis were significantly higher in the subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 compared with those with score < 3. However there were no-significant differences in the Agatston-calcium-score and frequencies of the presence of various-kinds of plaques and > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis evaluated by 320-slice CT between the subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and < 2. Frequency of > 50% coronary artery stenosis by ICA was significantly higher in the subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 compared with those with score < 3. However, there were no-significant differences in the frequencies of > 50% and > 75% coronary artery stenosis by ICA between the subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and < 2. During a mean of 15.9 months, composite rate of cardiac death and heart failure did not differ between subjects with CHADS2 score ≥ 2 and score < 2 and between subjects with CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥ 3 and score < 3.

Conclusions

The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a useful predictor of not prognosis but coronary-arteriosclerosis in subjects with CAF compared with CHADS2 score in this two-center-study.     

Role of angiogenic growth factors in transplant coronary artery disease

Transplant coronary artery disease (TxCAD) as a manifestation of chronic rejection is a major limitation to long‐term survival of heart transplant recipients. Although the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to neointimal formation are unknown, it has been generally believed that smooth muscle cells (SMC) of donor origin migrate from the media into the subendothelial layer of the vascular wall, where SMC proliferate and synthesize extracellular matrix resulting in intimal thickening. However, recent observations indicate that hematopoietic and vascular progenitor cells derived from recipient bone marrow may contribute to the arteriosclerotic lesion formation in the coronary arteries of the transplant. On the other hand, studies on postnatal hematopoiesis indicate that angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin‐1 (Ang1) may regulate the recruitment of these cells into distant organs. Furthermore, embryonic VEGFR‐2 ⁺ /CD34 ⁺ stem cells may serve as vascular progenitor cells and their differentiation into endothelial cells and SMC may be regulated by VEGF and platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), respectively. In this review, we discuss the role of angiogenic growth factors such as VEGF, Ang, and PDGF in the recruitment of hematopoietic and vascular progenitor cells in TxCAD and suggest novel therapies targeted at homing, differentiation and proliferation of these cells in the allograft.     

普伐他汀和阿司匹林对CD40-CD40L表达及斑块稳定性的影响

目的：研究普伐他汀和阿司匹林对兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块CD40-CD40L表达及斑块稳定性的影响。方法：新西兰大白兔32只予高脂饲养16wk及腹主动脉球囊损伤术建立腹主动脉粥样硬化模型,分4组：P组（普伐他汀）、A组（阿司匹林）、A＋P组（联合用药）与N组（不用药）,分别予相应药物灌胃8wk。通过免疫组化检测比较各组兔腹主动脉粥样硬化斑块内CD40-CD40L表达、MMP-1、胶原及脂质含量变化,超声检测腹主动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）改变,ELISA法测定血清C反应蛋白（CRP）变化,分析2药干预动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性的机制。结果：用药各组兔腹主动脉斑块内CD40-CD40L表达较N组显著受抑,普伐他汀作用更显著（P组和A＋P组均P＜0．01）；同时各用药组MMP-1的表达、IMT增厚及CRP增高较N组均得到明显抑制（P＜0．01）,P组和A＋P组较N组斑块内脂质显著减少（P＜0．01）,胶原含量明显增加（P＜0．01）。结论：普伐他汀和阿司匹林都可抑制斑块CD40-CD40L系统的表达,促进斑块的稳定性。普伐他汀促进斑块稳定的机制可能是多方面的。     

药物洗脱支架和金属裸支架治疗冠状动脉小血管病变的疗效

目的 评估雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)治疗小管径冠状动脉内粥样硬化病变的疗效. 方法 回顾性分析448例小血管病变SES植入病人和124例裸金属支架(BMS)植入病人的长期疗效.统计并比较住院期间及9个月不良心血管事件发生率(MACE). 结果 SES组治疗复杂病变更多,平均支架长度更长,9个月后再狭窄率明显低于BMS组(1.6% vs 9.9%,P＜0.001);MACE发生率也显著低于BMS组(4.3% vs 13.90%;P＜0.001). 结论 与BMS组相比,在小血管复杂病变中植入SES是有效的,能明显减少术后9个月再狭窄和靶病变血运重建率.     

血浆脂联素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的：探讨脂联素水平与冠状动脉粥样硬化病变程度的相关性。方法：根据冠状动脉造影结果将临床诊断为急性冠脉综合征的283例患者进行分组，应用放射免疫法检测血浆脂联素水平，同时监测血压、血糖、血浆胰岛素、血脂、高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）等相关指标。结果：①冠心病患者血浆脂联素水平明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；②脂联素水平与冠脉粥样硬化程度、HDL—C、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗指数、hs—CRP显著相关（P〈0．05）；③随着受累冠状动脉数量的增加2型糖尿病发病率明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论：低血浆脂联素水平是冠状动脉粥样硬化发生发展的独立危险因素。     

Sudden deafness associated with bilateral Reissner's membrane ruptures

A histologic study of sudden deafness resulting from rupture of cochlear membranes, first in the left ear, and then, three years later, in the right ear, in a patient with vertebro-basilar arteriosclerosis is reported. Two healed ruptures were demonstrated on the right side, one in the hook portion of the cochlea, and one in the area of the promontory. The latter was adherent to the saccule, distorting it inferiorly. In the left temporal bone, a healed rupture was demonstrated approximately 5 mm distal to the labyrinthectomy obliteration. Although the patient's vertebro-basilar artery disease and her sudden deafness syndromes are considered separate entities, one must at least consider whether such longstanding vascular insufficiency might predispose to more readily ruptured membranes with sudden pressure changes in the inner ear.     

Effect of Perilla frutescens on nitric oxide production and DNA synthesis in cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells

The effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens, Labiatae) on murine cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were investigated. The water extract of perilla leaves induced nitric oxide (NO) production of VSMC and this effect was synergistically augmented when combined with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, while the perilla extract significantly inhibited NO production induced by IFN-gamma combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Northern blot analysis revealed that these effects of the perilla extract paralleled mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. However, the perilla extract significantly inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or TNF-alpha-induced VSMC proliferation measured as DNA synthesis. The inhibitory effect of the perilla extract on TNF-alpha-induced VSMC proliferation was significantly suppressed by N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a non-specific nitric synthase inhibitor, suggesting that this effect was partially mediated by NO production as an autocrine/paracrine factor. The present findings suggest that perilla would be useful for the prevention of vascular diseases such as arteriosclerosis.