Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in veterinary clinics, Germany

An increase in prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter spp. in hospitalized animals was observed at the Justus-Liebig-University (Germany). Genotypic analysis of 56 isolates during 2000-2008 showed 3 clusters that corresponded to European clones I-III. Results indicate spread of genotypically related strains within and among veterinary clinics in Germany.     

Fatal outbreak of Mycoplasma capricolum pneumonia in endangered markhors

A pneumonia outbreak reduced the numbers of a wild population of endangered markhors (Capra falconeri) in Tajikistan in 2010. The infection was diagnosed by histologic examination and bacteriologic testing. Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum was the sole infectious agent detected. Cross-species transmission from domestic goats may have occurred.     

寰枢椎长期乳酸堆积对老年小鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的：观察寰枢椎长期乳酸堆积对老年小鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法：小鼠寰枢椎间注射30%乳酸溶液15 d,用跳台法、水迷宫法和洞板实验测试其学习、记忆能力的改变,计算脑指数,做HE染色观察其病理改变。结果：与对照组比较,模型组小鼠跳台实验中潜伏期和错误次数明显增加(P<0.01),小鼠水迷宫实验中游全程时间和错误次数也显著增加(P<0.01)。洞板实验中模型组小鼠潜伏期延长,探洞次数减少(P<0.01)。模型组小鼠脑指数减小(P<0.01),HE染色发现其海马区死亡细胞增多,出现了胶质小结,以及血管周围炎性细胞浸润。结论：颈部乳酸慢性堆积可以导致小鼠学习记忆功能障碍。     

重庆市鼠形动物体表寄生蚤与革螨种类及地理分布

目的了解重庆市鼠形动物体表寄生蚤、革螨种类及其地理分布。方法用鼠笼法捕获活鼠,麻醉后梳检鼠体寄生蚤、革螨,进行分类鉴定,同时查阅相关文献资料。结果发现重庆市鼠形动物体表寄生蚤5科18属25种,革螨5科14属21种,并对其地理分布进行了描述。结论初步掌握了重庆市鼠形动物体表寄生蚤、革螨的种类及其地理分布,为开展鼠形动物体表寄生蚤、革螨及其传播的疾病的防控提供了科学依据。     

Mouse models for melanoma: a personal perspective

Please cite this paper as: Mouse models for melanoma: a personal perspective. Experimental Dermatology 2010; 19: 157–164. Abstract: Complex biological processes often require in vivo analysis, and many important research advances have been made using mice as a model for the study of various biological systems. Cutaneous melanomas are tumors originating from skin melanocytes, which are present in hair follicles, and interfollicular epidermal and dermal layers. Until recently, mouse melanoma models were largely based on transplantation models, i.e. transplantation of either syngeneic or xenogeneic melanoma cells into wild type or genetically modified animals. More recently, however, the use of novel technologies specifically modifying the genome allows for the generation of mouse strains, which may develop spontaneous melanoma. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that animal models provide only an approximation of reality in humans. In this review, we will discuss a representative selection of currently available transplantation and transgenic melanoma models; despite the fact that this selection will be biased by personal experience, we are confident to demonstrate how the use of mouse melanoma models facilitates translational research in several biomedical disciplines.     

Social creatures: Model animal systems for studying the neuroendocrine mechanisms of social behaviour

The interaction of animals with conspecifics, termed social behaviour, has a major impact on the survival of many vertebrate species. Neuropeptide hormones modulate the underlying physiology that governs social interactions, and many findings concerning the neuroendocrine mechanisms of social behaviours have been extrapolated from animal models to humans. Neurones expressing neuropeptides show similar distribution patterns within the hypothalamic nucleus, even when evolutionarily distant species are compared. During evolution, hypothalamic neuropeptides and releasing hormones have retained not only their structures, but also their biological functions, including their effects on behaviour. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of social behaviours in several classes of animals, such as worms, insects and fish, as well as laboratory, wild and domesticated mammals.     

Typological features in the behavior of rats

The existence of internal relationships between measures of investigative and seeking types of activity and the level of anxiety was demonstrated in rats. Individual measures of investigative activity and levels of anxiety were measured using classical methods-the open field test and the elevated plus maze test. The productivity of directed seeking activity was studied using methods developed by ourselves in a universal problem-solving box. Cluster analysis demonstrated hierarchical groups in the population with similar quantitative-qualitative behavioral characteristics.     

银杏叶提取物对老年大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的了解银杏叶提取物对老年大鼠肝脏的作用。方法3月龄和20月龄大鼠以银杏叶提取物（生理盐水）灌胃3月,观察肝脏病理学、血清酶学、肝组织中金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1（tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase,TIMP—1）表达、丙二酰二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxi dedismutase,SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GPx）含量、增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）表达的变化。结果老年大鼠存在轻度肝纤维化,与青年组大鼠相比较,老年大鼠肝细胞数目明显减少（P〈0．01）,脂褐素数量明显增加（P〈0．01）,肝组织中MDA水平升高而SOD和GPx活性降低（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,TIMP—1表达增强,PCNA表达减弱（P〈0．01）。银杏叶提取物可使老年大鼠肝脏病理学改善（P〈0．01）,脂褐素减少（P〈0．01）,肝组织中MDA水平降低（P〈0．05）而GPx活性升高（P〈0．01）,SOD活性略有升高（P〈0．05）,TIMP—1表达降低,使PCNA表达增强（P〈0．01）。各组大鼠肝功能无明显变化（P〈0．05）。结论银杏叶提取物对老年大鼠肝脏有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与银杏叶提取物抗氧化、增强老年肝脏抗氧化能力、抑制TIMP—1表达、促进PCNA表达有关。     

Update on tissue renin–angiotensin systems

Angiotensin (Ang) II is not only generated in the circulation by renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) but also is produced locally in numerous organs including kidney, vessels, heart, adrenal gland, eye, testis, and brain. Furthermore, widely distributed mast cells have been shown to be a production site. Local Ang II production process is commonly termed the result of a “tissue” renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Because pharmacological experiments do not easily allow targeting of specific tissues, many novel findings about the functional importance of tissue RAS have been collected from transgenic rodent models. These animals either overexpress or lack RAS components in specific tissues and thereby elucidate their local functions. The data to date show that in most tissues local RAS amplify the actions of circulating Ang II with important implications for physiology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the recent findings on the importance of tissue RAS in the most relevant cardiovascular organs.     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型的制作及经验体会

目的探索大鼠局灶性脑缺血/再灌注模型的制作方法。方法在LongaE.Z.等模型制作方法基础上进行完善和改进,用线栓阻塞SD大鼠右侧大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery,MCA),实验组60只大鼠2h后再灌注,另外30只大鼠作为假手术对照组。术后2、24h,3、7d大鼠进行神经功能评分和死亡统