No Threshold Exists for Recommending Revision Surgery in Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty Patients With Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 346 Revisions

BackgroundSurgeons currently have difficulty when managing metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty (MoMHA) patients with adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). This stems from a lack of evidence, which is emphasized by the variability in the recommendations proposed by different worldwide regulatory authorities for considering MoMHA revision surgery. We investigated predictors of poor outcomes following MoMHA revision surgery performed for ARMD to help inform the revision threshold and type of reconstruction.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 346 MoMHA revisions for ARMD performed at 2 European centers. Preoperative (metal ions/imaging) and intraoperative (findings, components removed/implanted) factors were used to predict poor outcomes. Poor outcomes were postoperative complications (including re-revision), 90-day mortality, and poor Oxford Hip Score.ResultsPoor outcomes occurred in 38.5%. Shorter time (under 4 years) to revision surgery was the only preoperative predictor of poor outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-4.46). Prerevision metal ions and imaging did not influence outcomes. Single-component revisions (vs all-component revisions) increased the risk of poor outcomes (OR = 2.99, CI = 1.50-5.97). Intraoperative modifiable factors reducing the risk of poor outcomes included the posterior approach (OR = 0.22, CI = 0.10-0.49), revision head sizes ≥36 mm (vs <36 mm: OR = 0.37, CI = 0.18-0.77), ceramic-on-polyethylene revision bearings (OR vs ceramic-on-ceramic = 0.30, CI = 0.14-0.66), and metal-on-polyethylene revision bearings (OR vs ceramic-on-ceramic = 0.37, CI = 0.17-0.83).ConclusionNo threshold exists for recommending revision in MoMHA patients with ARMD. However postrevision outcomes were surgeon modifiable. Optimal outcomes may be achieved if surgeons use the posterior approach, revise all MoMHA components, and use ≥36 mm ceramic-on-polyethylene or metal-on-polyethylene articulations.     

Cytokine and autoantibody patterns in acute liver failure

The mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) are still a matter of dispute. Some of the characteristics of reactions that have been classed as metabolic idiosyncrasy could also be those of an immune-mediated reaction with an autoimmune component. Many auto-immune reactions appear to be mediated by T_H17 cells, which are in part characterized by the production of interleukin (IL)-17. To test the involvement of T_H17 cells in IDILI, we quantified a number of cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies in the serum of 39 patients with acute liver failure (ALF) due to IDILI and compared the values with those from 21 patients with acetaminophen-induced ALF and 10 patients with viral hepatitis-induced ALF. The IL-17 levels were elevated in 60% of patients with IDILI, but also in a similar number of patients with acetaminophen-induced ALF and occasionally in patients with viral hepatitis. Levels of other cytokines, such as IL-21, that are also produced by T_H17 cells were higher in patients with IDILI, but again, there was overlap with acetaminophen DILI. Autoantibodies were more frequent in patients in the IDILI group but were absent in most patients. These data provide a picture of the cytokine/chemokine profile in patients with various types of ALF. The pattern varies from patient to patient and not specifically by etiology. This suggests that different underlying disease mechanisms may be at play in different individuals, even among those demonstrating injury from the same drug. Since cytokines may originate from more than one type of cell, interpretation of results of cytokine assays remains difficult in complex disease settings.     

中国药品不良反应热点主题可视化研究

目的 利用文献计量分析方法探究国内核心期刊药品不良反应（adverse drug reaction，ADR）文献的研究热点、关键点、薄弱点、特殊点以及整体结构等，以期为ADR监测者和研究者把握本领域的研究热点与发展态势提供参考和依据。方法 收集国内核心期刊ADR文献，对关键词进行抽取和统计，利用聚类分析、社会网络分析等方法对高频关键词进行可视化表达。结果 经检索和筛选确定12 527篇文献作为样本，包括关键词50 576个。45个高频关键词被划分为7类，关键词网络密度为0.59。结论 中国核心期刊ADR文献形成了以“合理用药”“不良反应监测”等为核心的研究热点，“儿童”成为新兴的研究热点。“合理用药”是本领域的关键点，其在网络沟通中的“桥梁作用”最为明显。“过敏性休克”“儿童”“肝损害”等是本领域的特殊点。从整体来看，中国核心期刊ADR文献研究已基本成型，但核心主题内容过多且繁杂，尚未形成有一定深度且界限清晰的核心主题。     

老年精神分裂症患者采用阿立哌唑与喹硫平治疗对其PANSS评分及不良反应发生率的影响

目的 分析阿立哌唑与喹硫平治疗老年精神分裂症患者的效果.方法 随机选择2015年1月至2016年1月在本院接受治疗的老年精神分裂症患者60例参与研究,随机平均分成两组,对照组利用喹硫平对患者进行治疗,观察组选择阿立哌唑对患者进行治疗,比较两组治疗前后PANSS评分变化情况以及不良反应发生情况.结果 两组治疗后PANSS评分较治疗前均有明显下降,但组间差距不明显;观察组治疗总有效率为83.33％,对照组为76.67％;两组治疗后生活质量较治疗前均有明显上升,但组间差距不明显;观察组不良反应发生率为13.33％,对照组为26.67％,两组不良反应发生率比较差异有统计学意义.结论 阿立哌唑与喹硫平在老年精神分裂症患者的治疗中都有较好疗效,但是相对于喹硫平,阿立哌唑能够减少不良反应,提高治疗安全性,值得推广.     

Acute cholestatic hepatitis caused by amoxicillin/ clavulanate

Amoxicillin/clavulanate is a synthetic penicillin that is currently commonly used,especially for the treatment of respiratory and cutaneous infections.In general,it is a well-tolerated oral antibiotic.However,amoxicillin/clavulanate can cause adverse effects,mainly cutaneous,gastrointestinal,hepatic and hematologic,in some cases.Presented here is a case report of a 63-yearold male patient who developed cholestatic hepatitis after recent use of amoxicillin/clavulanate.After 6 wk of prolonged use of the drug,he began to show signs of cholestatic icterus and developed severe hyperbilirubinemia(total bilirubin>300 mg/L).Diagnostic investigation was conducted by ultrasonography of the upper abdomen,serum tests for infection history,laboratory screening of autoimmune diseases,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)of the abdomen with bile duct-NMR and transcutaneous liver biopsy guided by ultrasound.The duration of disease was approximately 4 mo,with complete resolution of symptoms and laboratory changes at the end of that time period.Specific treatment was not instituted,only a combination of anti-emetic(metoclopramide)and cholestyramine for pruritus.     

利巴韦林在单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎治疗中的应用效果观察

目的观察利巴韦林对单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎患儿的治疗效果,为该治疗方案的推广使用积累临床经验。方法选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二四医院2018年1月—2019年11月收治的80例单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎患儿为研究对象,按照随机数余数分组法均分为两组,每组各40例,分别采用更昔洛韦(10~30 mg/kg静脉滴注,3次/d,给药14 d)和利巴韦林(10~15 mg/kg静脉滴注,2次/d,给药14 d)进行治疗并对两组疗效进行对比。结果利巴韦林组总有效率(92.50%,37/40)高于更昔洛韦组(80.00%,32/40),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.588,P=0.010);两组不良反应发生率分别为7.50%(3/40)和10.00%(4/40),差异无统计学意义。治疗后利巴韦林组和更昔洛韦组比较,C反应蛋白[(15.80±5.25)mg/L vs(20.42±5.38)mg/L]、白细胞介素-6[(10.24±2.75) ng/L vs(17.89±2.81)ng/L]、肿瘤坏死因子-α[(35.70±9.80) ng/L vs(50.31±9.77)ng/L]、血清神经元特异性烯醇酶[(9.77±1.33)μg/L vs(12.24±1.46)μg/L]和脑脊液神经元特异性烯醇酶[(10.25±1.96)μg/L vs(14.11±1.89)μg/L]在利巴韦林组均低于更昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001),利巴韦林组发热消失时间[(3.10±0.35)d vs(4.60±0.40)d]、头痛/呕吐消失时间[(2.25±0.25)d vs(3.10±0.20)d]、抽搐消失时间[(2.20±0.20)d vs(3.35±0.30)d]、意识障碍消失时间[(4.30±0.50)d vs(6.40±0.55)d]均短于更昔洛韦组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论利巴韦林治疗单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎效果确切、不良反应发生率低,值得推广。     

耳石复位与药物联合仰卧位摇头法治疗主观性良性阵发性位置性眩晕临床研究

目的:观察耳石复位与药物联合仰卧位摇头法治疗主观性良性阵发性位置性眩晕(S-BPPV)的效果。方法:选取2012年1月至2016年1月期间符合纳入标准的S-BPPV患者186例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为观察组与对照组各93例,对照组采用耳石复位联合药物治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用仰卧位摇头法治疗。比较两组患者临床疗效、首次治疗成功率、中转手术治疗率、复发率与不良反应发生率的差异。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗总有效率、首次治疗成功率明显增高,中转手术治疗率与复发率明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组中共18例患者经外科手术治疗后症状彻底消失;随访3个月期间,观察组平均复发次数与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者头晕、恶心呕吐、心律失常、走路不稳与情感障碍等不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:耳石复位与药物联合仰卧位摇头法治疗S-BPPV效果显著,可降低复发率,且未增加不良反应的发生风险。     

化妆品相关皮肤不良反应512例临床特点及致病成分分析

【摘要】 目的 分析化妆品相关皮肤不良反应的临床特点及主要致病成分，为化妆品不良反应起到预警作用并提供客观的风险评估依据。方法 收集2018年3月至2019年10月在重庆市中医院门诊就诊的512例化妆品不良反应可疑患者，男14例，女498例，通过填写统一制定的化妆品不良反应报告卡，记录患者的病史资料和所使用化妆品的相关信息；对其中103例（男3例，女100例）进行化妆品原物斑贴试验及化妆品成分斑贴试验，结合48和72 h斑贴试验结果综合判定并汇总分析。结果 512例可疑化妆品不良反应病例中，主要表现类型为接触性皮炎（495例，96.7%）。化妆品不良反应的皮损形态主要为红斑501例（97.9%）、丘疹313例（61.1%）、水肿249例（48.6%）、鳞屑166例（32.4%）；症状主要为瘙痒480例（93.8%），其次为灼热感359例（70.1%）和紧绷感297例（58.0%）。103例化妆品成分斑贴试验显示，阳性71例，最易引起化妆品不良反应的变应原分别为硫柳汞（31例，30.1%）、十二烷基硫酸钠（29例，28.2%）、秘鲁香脂（17例，16.5%）、布罗波尔（12例，11.7%）及三乙醇胺（10例，9.7%）。将化妆品变应原系列分为14个类别，阳性率前4位的类别分别为乳化剂54例（45.8%）、防腐剂47例（39.8%）、芳香剂17例（14.4%）和表面活性剂10例（8.5%）。2例男性和69例女性斑贴试验阳性，男女阳性率差异无统计学意义（2/3比69/100，χ2 = 0.01，P > 0.05）；18 ~ 29岁组、30 ~ 49岁组及50 ~ 70岁组阳性率分别是34%、34%、32.4%，各组间阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.693，P > 0.05）。结论 化妆品不良反应最常见的表现为接触性皮炎，致病成分具有多样性，最易引起化妆品皮肤不良反应的变应原分别为硫柳汞、十二烷基硫酸钠、秘鲁香脂、布罗波尔及三乙醇胺。