三种空气微生物采样方法的比较

对三种空气微生物采样方法进行了比较。结果表明,在室内自然条件下,平皿沉降法与Кротов型撞击式采样器及LWC-I型离心式采样器采样结果之间均有显著性差异,平皿沉降法采样结果约高出两种采样器一倍,而两种采样器采样结果之间无显著性差异。进一步推算了沉降法定量结果计算的校正值为18.64L,而不是通常采用的10L。     

Diffuse Cerebral Air Embolism Treated With Hyperbaric Oxygen: A Case Report

A 54-year-old woman presented for cardiac evaluation of atypical chest pain. Workup included coronary angiography and a left ventriculogram, during which air was inadvertently injected, resulting in the development of an acute right hemisphere syndrome. Right carotid angiography was immediately performed, yielding only a delayed diffuse venous phase without focal vessel cutoffs. Within 60 minutes, the patient underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the suspected cerebral air emboli. After removal from the chamber for technical reasons, she had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and further hyperbaric oxygen therapy was withheld. Initial computed tomography imaging obtained approximately 8 hours after symptom onset showed signs of early right hemispheric edema. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging studies were markedly abnormal and suggestive of diffuse bilateral but predominantly right-sided parietal lobe edema with mildly positive diffusion-weighted imaging. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months was normal, and the patient's neurological examination returned to normal.     

Epidural air associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children: Uncommon complication?

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of epidural air associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 25 boys and 17 girls with an age range of 3-14 years (mean age: 8.5 years) who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of spontaneous pneumomediastinum. The CT scans and medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients, four (9.5%) had intraspinal air on CT. The air was interpreted as epidural in every patient. The small number of patients with epidural air meant that there was no significant difference in age, gender, or clinical manifestations between groups with and without epidural air. Subcutaneous emphysema was identified in all four patients with epidural air versus 18 out of 38 patients (47%) without epidural air. The patients with epidural air did not have any neurologic symptoms. Irrespective of the presence or absence of epidural air, every patient had a favorable outcome without any serious complications. CONCLUSION: In patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum, epidural air may be more common than was previously realized. It is suggested that an air leak may spread from the mediastinum into the epidural space via the cervical fascial planes and neural foramina.     

空气中乙苯的热解吸气相色谱法

用活性炭采集空气中的乙苯,然后于350℃解吸,将解吸气收集在注射器中,用气相色谱仪分析.文中对解吸温度、解吸体积及共存苯系物对解吸效率的影响等进行了试验,结果表明解吸100ml即可达到稳定,共存的苯、甲苯、二甲苯对乙苯的解吸效率无影响.     

Ozone-induced bronchial epithelial cytokine expression differs between healthy and asthmatic subjects

BACKGROUND: Ozone (O3) is a common air pollutant associated with adverse health effects. Asthmatics have been suggested to be a particularly sensitive group. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether bronchial epithelial cytokine expression would differ between healthy and allergic asthmatics after ozone exposure, representing an explanatory model for differences in susceptibility. METHODS: Healthy and mild allergic asthmatic subjects (using only inhaled beta2-agonists prn) were exposed for 2 h in blinded and randomized sequence to 0.2 ppm of O3 and filtered air. Bronchoscopy with bronchial mucosal biopsies was performed 6 h after exposure. Biopsies were embedded in GMA and stained with mAbs for epithelial expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, GRO-alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), fractalkine and ENA-78. RESULTS: When comparing the two groups at baseline, the asthmatic subjects showed a significantly higher expression of IL-4 and IL-5. After O3 exposure the epithelial expression of IL-5, GM-CSF, ENA-78 and IL-8 increased significantly in asthmatics, as compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms a difference in epithelial cytokine expression between mild atopic asthmatics and healthy controls, as well as a differential epithelial cytokine response to O3. This O3-induced upregulation of T helper type 2 (Th2)-related cytokines and neutrophil chemoattractants shown in the asthmatic group may contribute to a subsequent worsening of the airway inflammation, and help to explain their differential sensitivity to O3 pollution episodes.     

风筒式紫外线空气消毒器病房应用效果观察

在实验室试验基础上,测定了风筒式紫外线空气消毒器在病房中应用的效果。该消毒器开动40分钟后,可将空气中细菌减少60～80％。其效果之高低随人员活动情况而异。消毒时,室内未检出臭氧。     

北京市环卫工人作业环境空气细菌污染调查

本文调查了北京市垃圾转运场、医院内垃圾站、平房居民垃圾站、楼旁居民垃圾站、清洁车辆修配厂等各种环卫工人作业环境的空气细菌污染状况。结果表明环卫工人作业环境的空气细菌污染是严重的(>4000个/m~3)。大多以春季空气细菌数最高,垃圾转运场夏季细菌数最高,医院内垃圾站四季中无明显差异。     

车间空气中正丁醇的气相色谱测定方法研究

使一定量现场空气通过活性炭采样管以采集正丁醇。用含1％异丙醇的二硫化碳溶液解吸,取解吸的样品溶液注入气相色谱仪。测量峰高,并与注入标准所得峰高相比较,计算空气中正丁醇的含量。在给定的实验条件下,方法的变异系数低于1.6％,解吸效率平均为97.9％,100mg活性炭对正丁醇的穿透容量为15.03mg,检测限为5.3×10~(-4)μg。经过现场测试,本方法可用于工业卫生监测。色谱条件:2m不锈钢柱,充填10％FFAP/chromosorb W-AW(60～80目);载气(N_2)50ml/min;柱温80℃:检测室温度180℃。     

A survey of starch particle counts in the hospital environment in relation to the use of powdered latex gloves

As latex proteins, which cause latex hypersensitivity, can befound on starch particles and inhalation may be a route forsensitization, the presence of starch particles in hospitalair was examined. The starch particles were demonstrated byimmobilization onto cellulose acetate filters and staining withiodine. Rooms in which powdered latex gloves were used gavecounts of up to >3667 particles per cubic meter of air. Starchparticles were not found in the air in rooms where latex gloveswere not used, and were highest in rooms with a high glove usagebut no ventilation. A change to powder-free gloves significantlyreduced the count of starch particles in the unventilated Accident/EmergencyDepartment air. Use of powder-free gloves should be consideredespecially in unventilated areas in healthcare premises.     

1990～1991年北京市城区大气污染与每日居民死亡关系的研究

本研究使用时间序列分析对北京市主要城区（西城区、东城区）１９９０～１９９１年大气污染和每日死亡数进行连续观察，并使用泊松回归模型分析空气中总飘尘（ＴＳＰ）和二氧化硫（ＳＯ２）的对数测定值对每日居民死亡的影响，结果显示：大气污染物有增加每日居民死亡数的危险性，心血管病患者受ＴＳＰ的影响和呼吸系统疾病患者受ＳＯ２的影响比其他疾病患者更大，６５岁及以上老年病人所受影响较大。