基于学术论文产出的国家公派研究生培养质量分析

本文基于本校开展公派研究生项目的工作实践,将公派研究生和同级同导师未留学研究生进行对照,采用文献计量学方法,对研究生论文产出、分布特点和影响力进行统计,对比分析论文发表数量、被引频次、影响因子、合作状况、高水平期刊论文比例等客观数据,以期从一个侧面反映国家公派研究生项目对提高研究生培养质量所发挥的作用,为开展公派研究生项目的其他院校提供参考。     

环境与健康保护：从理论到行动的转化之路——“第六届环境与职业医学国际学术研讨会”纪要

＂第六届环境与职业医学国际学术研讨会暨《环境与职业医学》杂志创办30周年研讨会＂于2014年10月16—18日在上海市召开,会议的主题是＂环境与健康保护：从理论到行动＂。此次会议由上海市疾病预防控制中心、上海市预防医学研究院、上海市预防医学会、《环境与职业医学》杂志主办,复旦大学公共卫生学院、江苏省预防医学会、浙江省预防医学会协办。共有44位中外专家进行了报告,200余位参会者就＂环境相关疾病的预防与控制＂＂职业人群的健康保护＂＂环境与职业医学中的组学研究＂＂环境政策与公共卫生＂等内容展开讨论。本次会议收到中英文论文投稿近200篇,同时设置了壁报展示并评选出3份优秀壁报。在＂《环境与职业医学》编者、审者、作者交流会＂上,编委会成员和审稿专家共同回顾了杂志创办30年来的发展历程,为杂志的发展提出了缩短出版周期、提供增值服务、进入重要数据库等意见。本次会议的成功举办可望进一步加深加强上海与国际国内在相应领域的联系与合作,更好地促进环境与职业医学领域理论与实际的结合、基础与临床的整合、微观与宏观的融合,为环境健康研究注入新的活力。     

天津市东丽医院引进学科带头人的实践与探索

本文介绍了天津市东丽医院引进学科带头人所取得的成效,并通过分析在学科带头人引进工作中存在的问题,结合医院实际,提出改进二级医院学科带头人引进工作的建议,促进医院的持续、快速、有序发展。     

The neural basis of unwanted thoughts during resting state

Human beings are constantly engaged in thought. Sometimes thoughts occur repetitively and can become distressing. Up to now the neural bases of these intrusive or unwanted thoughts is largely unexplored. To study the neural correlates of unwanted thoughts, we acquired resting-state fMRI data of 41 female healthy subjects and assessed the self-reported amount of unwanted thoughts during measurement. We analyzed local connectivity by means of regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity of a seed region. More unwanted thoughts (state) were associated with lower ReHo in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and higher ReHo in left striatum (putamen). Additional seed-based analysis revealed higher functional connectivity of the left striatum with left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in participants reporting more unwanted thoughts. The state-dependent higher connectivty in left striatum was positively correlated with rumination assessed with a dedicated questionnaire focussing on trait aspects. Unwanted thoughts are associated with activity in the fronto-striatal brain circuitry. The reduction of local connectivity in DLPFC could reflect deficiencies in thought suppression processes, whereas the hightened activity in left striatum could imply an imbalance of gating mechanisms housed in basal ganglia. Its functional connectivity to left IFG is discussed as the result of thought-related speech processes.     

A before-school physical activity intervention to improve cognitive parameters in children: The Active-Start study

The aim of the study was threefold: (a) to test a before-school physical activity intervention (Active-Start) on academic performance, selective attention, and concentration capacity; (b) to test the effect of the Active-Start intervention on anthropometry, body composition, and physical fitness parameters; and (c) whether the physical fitness components are moderators of the effect of the Active-Start program on academic performance, selective attention, and concentration capacity in Chilean children. The Active-Start intervention was a RCT which comprised 170 children (8-10 years old) from three public schools with low socioeconomic status from the city of Santiago (Chile). The exercise intervention was delivered daily, before starting the first school-class (8:00-8:30 am ) for 8 weeks. Changes in academic performance, selective attention and concentration capacity, anthropometric, body composition, and physical fitness parameters were measured. The analyses used were mixed regression models for repeated measures over time. No statistically significant changes in attention and concentration capacity were found. However, significant changes were seen in language (0.63; 95% CI 0.49-0.77) and mathematics (0.49; 95% CI 0.32-0.66) performance (P < .001). Also, improvements were seen in fat mass, fat-free mass, muscular, and cardiorespiratory fitness (all P < .05). The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed a significant relationship between the effect of intervention and attention and concentration when change in cardiorespiratory fitness was above, but not below, 3.05 and 0.70 mL/kg/min, respectively. Implementing before-school physical activity programs such as the Active-Start to enhance the cardiorespiratory fitness may benefit attention capacity and academic success among schoolchildren.     

School‐Related Parental Involvement and Adolescent Academic Achievement: The Role of Community Poverty

Although most current studies have established the importance of school‐related parental involvement to adolescents' academic achievement, they are limited in that they do not address macrolevel community influences on such an association. This may be due in part to the lack of community‐level data or the use of inappropriate statistical strategies that cannot account for the influence of factors at the community level. To address this limitation, in this study, the authors examined the influence of community poverty on the association between school‐related parental involvement and adolescents' academic achievement. Using a large, nationally representative sample, results from a multilevel model suggested that, compared to adolescents living in more affluent communities, the positive effect of school‐related parental involvement on adolescents' academic achievement was significantly weaker for adolescents living in poor communities. Such findings suggested the importance of community poverty in influencing the effectiveness of school‐related parental involvement on adolescents' academic achievement.     

Relationships between pain misconceptions,disability, patients' goals and interpretation of information from hand therapists

IntroductionPatient interpretation of advice from hand therapists may be related to nonadaptive pain thoughts (automatic, overprotective, unduly pessimistic statements triggered by nociception and exacerbated by psychological distress).Purpose of the studyThis study aimed to determine whether there were correlations between participants' hand therapy goals, interpretation of advice from hand therapists, nonadaptive pain thoughts, and upper extremity-specific disability.MethodsOne hundred and five participants completed questionnaires assessing nonadaptive pain thoughts, upper extremity-specific disability, lessons from hand therapists, and hand therapy goals.ResultsNonadaptive pain thoughts correlated with disability and were bi-directionally related to participant goals and interpretation of advice from hand therapists.DiscussionPatients' nonadapative pain thoughts and the words/concepts used by hand therapists are both important in recovery from upper extremity illness.ConclusionsHand therapists should be mindful that nonadaptive pain thoughts are an important determinant of disability and that such thoughts can affect and be affected by their recommendations.Level of evidencen/a     

Loss of liver transplant surgeons into alternate career paths

In Germany, long‐term commitment of surgeons to transplantation is rare. Most surgeons leave transplant surgery after a short stint and follow careers in other surgical fields. This rapid turnover of liver transplant surgeons may result in poor resource utilization and potentially compromise patient safety. In this report, we have analyzed the caseload and the careers of 25 surgeons in liver transplantation over a period of 22 years. The median time in liver transplantation was short. Of all surgeons who engaged in liver transplantation, the median time was 3.5 years. Surgeons who completed their training remained in the field for 7 years. Surgeons who prematurely stopped their training remained for 2 years. Individual total caseloads of transplant surgeons were relatively low. The median number of procedures was 40 for all surgeons, 153 for currently active surgeons, 51 for surgeons who completed training, 27 for surgeons currently in training, and a median of four liver transplantations for surgeons who prematurely stopped liver transplantation. The vast majority (75%) of surgeons prematurely quit liver transplantation to follow alternate surgical careers. Structural changes in academic transplant surgery have to be made to facilitate long‐term commitments of interested surgeons and to avoid “futile” transplant careers.