心脏超声诊断数据挖掘尝试--粗糙集理论运用

本文的目的是要寻找心脏超声实测指标与心脏病变类型的关系,以建立模型,协助临床医生更科学更准确地进行诊断。但超声实测数据函数关系复杂,难以用传统的统计方法进行分析。因此本文采用粗糙集理论挖掘心脏超声实测指标与心脏病变类型的规则。结果把挖掘出的规则应用到心脏超声诊断上,取得了令人满意的效果。     

Evaluating plasma holds in the presence of multiple infections

To protect plasma supplies, donors are screened for infectiousdiseases. As an added measure of protection, donations are identifiedand stored for a period of time to allow future discard in theevent that an identified donor subsequently tests positive forsome screened disease. Previous models for evaluating such plasmaholds have only addressed the case of a single infectious disease.This paper extends the analysis to the case of multiple infections.Given knowledge of the marginal incidence rates for those infectionschecked, upper and lower bounds for important quantities suchas the probability of interdicting an infectious but undetecteddonation, the expected number of infections interdicted perdonation, and the net economic benefits of the holding policyare developed. Several examples are developed, illustratinghow the models can be used to evaluate the consequences of aplasma hold.     

磷脂双层膜稳定性的理论分析

目的：越来越多磷脂双层膜的原子力显微镜扫描力谱显示溶液离子浓度对磷脂双层膜稳定性有很大影响，本文从理论角度研究溶液离子浓度对磷脂双层膜稳定性的影响，同时解释两个基于不同模型模拟结果差别的原因。方法：主要根据磷脂分子极性端带电特性，将极性端看作偶极子，然后基于偶极-偶极相互作用理论以及泊松-玻尔兹曼理论解决以上问题。结论：随着离子浓度的增加，磷脂双层膜趋于更加稳定；基于两个不同模型模拟结果差别的原因是高浓度溶液的强静电屏蔽作用。     

The Relationship Between Cardiac Activity and Sensory Acuity

The relationship between cardiac activity and sensory acuity suggested by Lacey and Lacey was tested by recording heart rates of Ss attempting to detect a threshold-level visual stimulus. Heart rate decelerations during a warning tone preceding the threshold stimulus were found in be greater on hit trials than on miss trials, supporting the suggested relationship.     

骨重建数值仿真中的控制方程

人体骨组织有着复杂的结构和生理机制,骨重建理论经历了定性分析、定量计算和计算机定量数值模拟三个阶段。目前,存在力学模型和现象模型两类成熟的骨重建模型,力学模型的共性就是表观密度随一定的力学刺激而变化,现象模型由基本多细胞单元的损伤状态和孔隙度变化来决定。大多数股骨重建仿真模型仍然将骨量的分布看作是各向同性的,这就不能完全反映骨组织微构造的本构关系。本文是对骨重建仿真模型的控制方程进行综述。     

多参数信息融合实现非脑电的睡眠结构分期

目前临床睡眠分析的主要手段是多导睡眠图（Polysomnograph,PSG）,用仪器记录被测者整晚的脑电、眼动电和颏肌电等生理参数,计算机进行自动睡眠分期,再由技术人员依据国际标准进行校正.几十年来PSG保持着睡眠分期金标准的地位.提出在不使用脑电的条件下,利用较易获得的心动周期、呼吸、体动等基本生理参数,提取其中与睡眠过程及其变化有关的规律和信息,建立知识规则库,采用不确定推理的证据理论进行多参数睡眠信息融合计算,实现睡眠结构分期.50余例与PSG对照试验结果表明：醒睡的平均符合率达90%以上,基本睡眠结构的平均符合率达75%以上,证明该技术达到了应用的要求.     

A comparison of the Fishbein and Ajzen and the Triandis attitudinal models for the prediction of exercise intention and behavior

The main purpose of the study was to compare the efficiency of the Fishbein and Ajzen and the Triandis models to predict (1) the intention to participate regularly in some physical activities during free time within a 3-week period and (2) the exercise behavior within these 3 weeks among a group of 166 subjects, aged 22 to 65 years. Our results show that the Triandis model was as efficient as the Fishbein and Ajzen model in predicting the exercise behavior. However, the results obtained from the Triandis model demonstrate the importance of the habit of exercising in predicting the exercise behavior. Moreover, the Triandis model was superior to the Fishbein and Ajzen model in explaining behavioral intention. Of particular interest was the salience of the affective, social, and personal belief components of the Triandis model. In addition, from a practical perspective, this comparative study showed that (1) to exercise regularly is perceived as hard work, and (2) individuals believe that it is their own responsibility to exercise or not to exercise.     

任务的呈现方式对孤独症儿童误念理解的影响

目的:探讨一种更适于测试孤独症儿童误念理解能力的方法.方法:2(呈现方式)×2(被试类型)设计,采用经典误念任务,使用计算机多媒体动画呈现方式与传统图片-实物呈现方式,分别测试20名孤独症儿童和言语能力(PPVT-R)匹配的正常儿童.结果:呈现方式的主效应非常显著(P<0.001),动画呈现方式使正常儿童和孤独症儿童的误念理解成绩都有提高,孤独症儿童的提高更大.结论:孤独症儿童的误念理解能力在误念任务的传统呈现方式之下可能被低估了.充分考虑孤独症认知缺陷的多样性,使用恰当的任务方式,可能会更真实地反映他们的心理理论发展水平.     

Childless elderly: Theoretical perspectives and practical concerns

Almost nothing is concretely known about childless elderly in cross-cultural perspective. Few published papers have appeared on this social category in the West, although childless elders make up (at least) 20% of the population of elderly in many Western nations. Little is known about childless elderly in the Third World. This paper provides some theoretical background to the study of childless elderly and articulates some social policy concerns about them. It suggests that there are five important questions to examine concerning the lives of childless elderly. These include, how childless aged are or are not provided for in societies in which a great deal of the care of the aged is undertaken by children; how kinship functions as a matrix for care; how the increasingly common phenomenon of voluntary childless may give meaning to childlessness in late life; how childlessness fits with such social science models such as the developmental cycle; and, the relationship of this phenomenon to changing opportunities for women. The paper further examines how factors such as fertility, systems of caregiving, the social meaning of childlessness, alternatives to childlessness such as adoption, and educational and economic opportunities may affect the lives of childless elders.     

Radiographic quantification of alveolar bone level changes

The "random burst" theory has recently been proposed as an explanation of the pattern of periodontal disease progression. The theory predicts that the progression of bone loss at individual sites is not dependent upon previous bone loss and age. A longitudinal radiographic study was designed to test this hypothesis, and to describe the changes in bone level over 2 years in a group of 180 subjects (18-68 years of age) who were not under systematic periodontal treatment. The results indicated that 94% of the sites did not show significant changes in the alveolar bone level during the observation period. The mean annual bone loss for the total population was 0.11 mm. By regressing longitudinal bone loss upon age, it was shown that the rate of bone loss increased rapidly between 33 and 56 years of age while a different pattern was shown for the age intervals 18-32 and 57-68 years. Also, the rate of bone loss increased with increasing initial bone loss. This was less evident in the oldest age group. It was concluded that the progression of bone loss in the present material is consistent with a "burst" theory. However, the progression did not occur randomly with regard to previous loss of alveolar bone and time.