Enhancement of methylphenidate-induced stereotypies by repeated administration of neuroleptics

The intensity of methylphenidate-induced gnaw compulsion was investigated in haloperidol-tolerant mice and in normal mice. In the withdrawal phase after repeated administration of haloperidol (1.25 mg/kg p.o./day, 5 days), methylphenidate caused a significant increase in stereotyped gnawing as compared to the effect in normal mice.It is proposed that the mechanism behind this increase in response to methylphenidate could be increased receptor sensitivity.     

综合医院临床护士离职意愿与从事非护理性工作的相关性研究

目的:了解新疆10所二级综合医院护士从事非护理性工作的频率,护士离职意愿及其与护士从事非护理性工作的关系。方法:采取便利抽样和整群抽样的方法抽取10所二级综合医院及其中的855名临床护士作为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果:一半以上的护士从事过清洁卫生、运送患者、领取用品和设备、提供服务性支持、安排转诊交通工具等非护理性工作,其中清洁工作耗时最多,其次为运送患者。9.82%的护士在今后两年内准备离职,其中和清洁卫生工作、运送患者、安排出院转诊交通工具、发送各类用具和领取用品和设备显著相关(P<0.01)。结论:医院应不断完善护理工作支持系统,减少护士非专业性工作,节约出更多的时间和精力服务于患者,促进患者早日康复。     

铁路企业员工工作特征问卷编制及信效度检验

背景 铁路企业员工心理健康关系到铁路运输的安全稳定,工作特征作为影响个体职业心理健康的重要因素,受到研究者关注,但目前缺少具有特异性的铁路企业员工工作特征评定量表。目的 基于工作要求-资源模型（JD-R）理论,编制适合中国国情的铁路企业员工工作特征问卷,为铁路企业员工心理健康研究提供调查工具。方法 通过目的抽样和理论抽样,选择9个铁路单位的77名员工为研究对象,使用访谈法进行质性研究,确定问卷结构维度和条目。对工务系统中随机抽样的612名被试进行初测,并采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析检验问卷。形成铁路企业员工工作特征正式问卷后,拓展到铁路企业机务、车辆、电务和供电四个主要业务系统中进行稳定性和有效性验证。结果 (1)问卷包含工作要求和工作资源两个因子,共14个条目,各条目因子载荷为0.761～0.916,两个因子共解释总方差的71.02%。二因素模型拟合良好（χ2/df=3.310,RMSEA=0.087,GFI=0.892,CFI=0.932,NFI=0.905,IFI=0.932）。(2)问卷在机务、车辆、电务、供电四个拓展样本中二因素模型均拟合良好（χ2/df=2.678、4...     

中小学教师的工作家庭冲突对工作态度的影响

目的:探讨中小学教师的工作家庭冲突对工作态度的影响。方法:采用工作家庭冲突、工作满意、组织承诺、离职意向问卷对浙江省270名中小学教师进行调查。结果:工作对家庭的冲突与工作满意存在显著负相关,与离职倾向存在显著正相关;家庭对工作的冲突与组织承诺之间存在显著负相关,与离职倾向有显著正相关。结论:工作对家庭的冲突比家庭对工作的冲突对工作满意具有更高的预测作用;而家庭对工作的冲突比工作对家庭的冲突对组织承诺具有更高的预测效果。工作对家庭的冲突和家庭对工作的冲突对于离职意向均具有显著预测作用。     

Programmed Cell Death in Rat Intestine: Effect of Feeding and Fasting

Background: The regulation of intestinal cell death by luminal factors is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were to determine whether a diurnal rhythm of intestinal apoptosis exists, and to determine the role that feeding and fasting play in this process. Methods: Mucosal apoptotic death was measured in fed and 24-h fasted rats and at various times after feeding by DNA fragmentation and in situ immunohistochemical staining (TUNEL). Results: In 24-h fasted rats, 32% of total mucosal DNA was fragmented as compared to 9% in fed animals. In both jejunal and ileal segments, the fragmented DNA exhibited characteristic apoptotic DNA ladders on agarose gels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significant location of apoptotic cells at the upper third of the intestinal villus. In the duodenum, DNA fragmentation at 6-12 h post feeding was 20% and decreased to 4% at 24 h. In comparison, DNA fragmentation in the jejunum and ileum was low from 0 to 6 h post feeding (2%-9%) and significantly increased at 12 h (18% versus 12%) and 24 h (30% versus 32%), respectively. These results are consistent with a temporal relationship between percent fragmented DNA and time after feeding with greater cell death at longer fasting period. A postprandial rhythm of DNA fragmentation was evident in the jejunum and ileum, in which fragmentation was at a peak between 0900 h and 1200 h. Conclusion: Collectively, the data show that initiation of apoptosis in apical enterocytes is coincident with cessation of feeding and commencement of fasting, and is consistent with a rhythm of programmed cell death in these cells that parallels the cyclical pattern of feeding and fasting.     

The relationship between clinician turnover and adolescent treatment outcomes: An examination from the client perspective

The turnover of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment staff has been assumed to adversely impact treatment effectiveness, yet only limited research has empirically examined this assumption. Representing an extension of prior organizational-level analyses of the impact of staff turnover on client outcomes, this study examined the impact of SUD clinician turnover on adolescent treatment outcomes using a client perspective. Multilevel regression analysis did reveal that relative to those adolescents who did not experience clinician turnover, adolescents who experienced both direct and indirect clinician turnover reported a significantly higher percentage of days using alcohol or drugs at 6-month follow-up. However, clinician turnover was not found to have significant associations (negative or positive) with the other five treatment outcomes examined (e.g., substance-related problems, involvement in illegal activity). Thus, consistent with our prior findings, the current study provides additional evidence that turnover of SUD clinicians is not necessarily associated with adverse treatment outcomes.     

The relationship between workplace violence,job satisfaction and turnover intention in emergency nurses

BackgroundEmergency department personnel are exposed to high risk of workplace violence (WPV) and nurses are the main victims. Few researchers have investigated the effects of WPV on job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses.AimsTo describe WPV, job satisfaction and turnover intention of emergency nurses and clarify the relationship between them.MethodsA cross-sectional study was used to collect data on WPV, job satisfaction and turnover intention among 385 nurses working in emergency department in 13 general hospitals in Beijing. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationship between them.ResultsAmong them, 89.9% had experienced WPV in the previous year. WPV had short-term and long-term impacts on over 80% of them. The score of job satisfaction and turnover intention was 2.48 ± 0.49, 2.75 ± 0.58 respectively. WPV had significant direct effect on turnover intention (β = 0.105) and job satisfaction (β = −0.161). Job satisfaction had a significant negative effect on turnover intention (β = −0.604) and it mediated the relationship between WPV and turnover intention.ConclusionEmergency nurses in China are at great risk of WPV. Their job satisfaction is low and turnover intention is high. Job satisfaction plays the mediator role between WPV and turnover intention among emergency nurses.     

新疆地区高级职称医务人员离职意愿现状及其影响因素分析

目的调查新疆地区高级职称医务人员离职意愿现状及影响因素,为稳定高级职称卫生人才队伍提供针对性建议。方法以分层整群抽样方式选取调研对象。采用问卷网开展调查,运用SPSS 20.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果共调查3 226人,其中不可能离职的有2 397人,可能离职的有829人。个人属性中,不同岗位类别和工作年限对离职意愿有影响（P＜0.05）;工作属性中,工作压力、晋升机会、与同事关系、与领导关系、管理制度、工作量等对离职意愿有影响（P＜0.05）。结论为减少高级职称医务人员流失,有关部门应出台相关政策,完善现有收入分配方式和福利待遇;医院管理者应改善工作环境,减轻高级职称医务人员工作量和工作压力,优化晋升机制,完善高级职称评审政策。     

Fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue of aging mice after direct tracer injection into fat pads

We have examined previously reported age-related defects in triglyceride synthesis from [1-¹⁴C]palmitate in adipose tissue of mice. Three techniques were used: in vitro, using adipocytes isolated from epididymal fat pads of young and old mice; and in vivo, using two new methods to measure free fatty acid (FFA) esterification by adipose tissue (direct injection of labeled palmitate-albumin complexes in large or small volumes into the extracellular spaces of the epididymal or inguinal fat pads of young and old mice). When the entire fat pad was filled with tracer we no longer observed heterogeneous labeling of adipocytes in epididymal fat pads that occurred in an earlier study in which an in vivo-in vitro method has been used. Free fatty acids were converted to triacylglycerol faster by adipocytes of large cells from older animal than by those of small cells from young mice; when the cell sizes of young and old mice were approximately equal, then the rates of FFA esterification were the same in young and old adipocytes. When FFA was injected as a small bolus the fractional rates of FFA disappearance and of FFA incorporation into triacylglycerol in the different fat pads, observed during a 60-min period, were the same (about 5 min or less) regardless of the region of the fat pad studied (distal or proximal epididymal fat pad), the type of fat pad (epididymal or inguinal), or the age of the mice (12–92 weeks). Other potential applications of the direct injection technique for studying FFA metabolism and structure-function in adipose tissue in vivo are discussed. Our findings, coupled with the earlier study in which labeled FFA was added to the outside of fat pads, indicate that, in adipose tissue of old mice, there exist barriers comprising mesothelial cells, collagenous structures, and/or the outer layer of adipocytes in fat pads, that interfere in the transport of FFA to the interior adipocytes when FFA is added outside the fat pad. This age-related defect may be circumvented by injecting tracer directly into the interstitial fluid compartment.