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71.
Mary Bullivant Kevin O. Hicks Bruce H. Smaill 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1981,389(3):251-255
To estimate glomerular filter resistance it is necessary to measure net glomerular capillary pressure, tubular pressure, and glomerular filtration rate. Net glomerular capillary pressure is defined as the difference between glomerular capillary hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. A method has been developed for estimating both tubular pressure and net glomerular capillary pressure for the whole kidney from the time course of the rise in ureteral pressure on ureteral occlusion. Pressure and flow relations which apply in the kidney during ureteral occlusion have been represented by a simple mathematical model. Estimates of tubular pressure and net glomerular capillary pressure are made by representing the first 60 s of the rise in ureteral pressure as the linear combination of two exponential terms. These estimates compare favourably with corresponding results obtained from a more general numerical analysis. Direct measurements of tubular pressure and net glomerular capillary pressure made by micropuncture of early proximal tubules have been compared with analytical estimates from subsequent ureteral occulusion. There was no significant difference between results obtained using either method for a wide range of perfusion pressures. 相似文献
72.
J. Greven U. Greven S. Hildebrand 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1974,282(2):171-180
Summary Renal excretion of fluid and electrolytes, total kidney GFR and superficial nephron GFR were determined in 42 Sprague Dawley rats after beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoprenaline and beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol. Isoprenaline (0.3 g/kg · min i. v.) decreased urine volume, sodium and potassium excretion and increased urinary sodium and potassium concentration and urine osmolarity. These effects were reversed by injection of propranolol (2.2 mg/kg i.v.). Propranolol alone increased renal sodium and potassium excretion and urinary sodium concentration. Total kidney GFR did not change after both substances, whereas superficial nephron GFR increased after propranolol by 35% and decreased after isoprenaline by 35%. A redistribution of glomerular filtration rates among nephrons therefore must have occured with a shift of the GFR to deep nephrons after isoprenaline and to superficial nephrons after propranolol. The redistribution of glomerular filtration rates is thought to the related to the changes in urinary excretion of electrolytes. Additionally, isoprenaline increased fractional fluid reabsorption of superficial proximal convoluted tubules by 12.3%. 相似文献
73.
Summary Six medulloblastomas were studied by electron microscopy. Two features were found which seem to be constant and essential characteristics of medulloblastoma. First, cell junctions are abundant between tumor cells. These are mostly desmosome-like but other, closer junctions, were also seen. Second, the capillary endothelia contain frequent tubular bodies and other inclusions which may be related to them. 相似文献
74.
Preexistence of chronic tubular damage in cases of renal cell cancer after long and high exposure to trichloroethylene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Substantially more cases of tubular damage were found among renal cell carcinoma patients who had been exposed to high levels
of trichloroethylene over many years than among renal cell carcinoma patients who had not been exposed to trichloroethylene.
This supports the hypothesis (Goeptar et al. 1995) that chronic tubular damage may be regarded as a necessary precondition
for trichloroethylene to exert a nephrocarcinogenic effect. The findings also indicate that the urine protein patterns identified
with SDS-PAGE may represent a valuable parameter for effect biomonitoring of persons exposed to high levels of trichloroethylene
over many years.
Received: 20 June 1995/Accepted: 21 August 1995 相似文献
75.
76.
Kawashima M Amano T Morita Y Yamamura M Makino H 《Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association》2006,16(1):48-51
A 39-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital for severe weakness owing to potassium deficiency caused by type 1 renal tubular acidosis (RTA1). Sicca complex, serological tests, and lip biopsy revealed that she had Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Acidosis was corrected by alkali supplement treatment. She also had an impaired renal function with proteinuria, and high absorbance on Ga scintigram was recognized in both kidneys. She was taking warfarin potassium after aortic valve substitution due to aortic regurgitation, therefore renal biopsy was not performed. Prednisone (20?mg/day) was administered for renal inflammation. One month later, she suffered severe chest wall pains with some local tender points over the costae of both sides, which was presumed to be due to pseudofractures based on osteomalacia. Hypokalemic paralysis and osteomalacia should be taken into consideration in the diagnosis of SS with RTA1. 相似文献
77.
目的探讨经左胸小切口配合管状胃对食管癌患者呼吸功能的影响。方法 84例食管癌患者随机分为两组,观察组42例,对照组42例,对照组采用常规开胸手术,观察组采用经左胸小切口配合管状胃手术。测定患者术前和术后2月呼吸功能。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,在胸腔胃综合征和胃食管反流的并发症方面,观察组少于对照组(P〈0.05)。术后2月比较,两组患者的呼吸功能均有明显改善(P〈0.05,P〈0.01);与对照组比较,观察组呼吸功能改善更明显(P〈0.05)。结论经左胸小切口配合管状胃更有利于食管癌患者呼吸功能的改善。 相似文献
78.
Fernandez-Aguilar S Noël JC 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2008,116(1):33-40
Tubular carcinoma (TC) is a distinctive type of grade I (G1) ductal carcinoma with particularly favourable outcome and low rate of axillary metastases. To the best of our knowledge, few data are available in the literature concerning the expression of molecules mediating intercellular and cell-matrix interactions in TC. We examined with immunohistochemical methods the expression of galectin 3 and cathepsin D in 17 TC and in 33, 31 and 28 ductal carcinomas of G1, grade II (G2) and grade III (G3), respectively. Results were compared using Chi-square test. Galectin 3 expression was higher in TC than in G1 carcinomas (p<0.05). The pattern of immunostaining was also different with a focal cytoplasmic apical reinforcement in TC. However, cathepsin D stromal and epithelial expression was similar in TC and G1 cases (p>0.05), and lower than in G2 and G3 patients at a stromal level. The higher expression of galectin 3 in TC and its focal staining (apical) pattern suggests that within the group of G1 carcinomas, galectin 3 expression varies according to histological type, and may correlate with prognosis and metastatic potential. We also suggest that cathepsin D could not be involved in neoplastic progression and metastasis in low-grade (G1) ductal breast carcinomas. 相似文献
79.
Dr. H. v. Gise T. Klingebiel E. Mickeler 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1982,60(15):773-786
Summary The ultrastructural alterations at the nephron established in animal experiments, were also confirmed, by means of an electron-microscopic examination, in eight cases of human acute renal failure (ARF). Special consideration was given in this study to single cell alterations, particularly in proximal tubular cells, with emphasis being placed on alterations due to single cell damage in the region of the renal fluid compartments. The ultrastructural alterations of the tubular cells in ARF, suggest serious impairment of the cellular capacity for electrolyte transport and metabolic processes. The shunt paths between the tubular fluid compartment and the functional interstitium, arising from necrosis of the tubular cells or dissolution of the gap or tight junctions, were discussed in terms of their significance for the directional, active transport processes of the tubular cells for sodium chloride and the passive water flow. The morphologic findings were reviewed in light of recent findings on cellular membrane processes and electrolyte transport. A reinterpretation of the morphologic and functional findings in ARF is suggested. This takes into consideration single cell function and the integrity of the renal fluid compartments.This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Gi 117/2-2 and Bo 216/22-2) 相似文献
80.
Summary Anatomical investigations have been carried out on rats of two different strains. The kidney weight was shown to be linearly dependent upon body weight. Microdissections of superficial nephrons revealed that there is a significant correlation between kidney weight and the length of the proximal convolution, loop of Henle and distal convolution. The mean length of the proximal convolution in a 1 g kidney was 5.91 mm, and of the loop of Henle (pars recta of the proximal tubule included) 6.50 mm. The bend of loops of Henle belonging to superficial nephrons was always situated in the outer medulla.
Zusammenfassung An den Nieren von Ratten zweier unterschiedlicher Stämme wurde die Länge oberflächlich gelegener Nephrone mit der Mikrodissektionsmethode bestimmt. Dabei war eine direkte Korrelation zwischen dem Nierengewicht und den einzelnen Abschnitten des Nephrons (proximales Konvolut, Henlesche Schleife, distales Konvolut) nachweisbar. Die mittlere Länge des proximalen Konvoluts betrug für ein Nierengewicht von 1 g 5,91 mm und für die Henlesche Schleife einschließlich der pars recta des proximalen Tubulus 6,5 mm. Die Umbiegungsstelle von Schleifen oberflächlich gelegener Nephrone lag immer im äußeren Nierenmark. Diese Längenvariationen in Abhängigkeit vom Nierengewicht sind auch auf das Körpergewicht beziehbar, da sich eine annähernd lineare Beziehung zwischen Nierengewicht und Bruttokörpergewicht ergab.相似文献