Effects of irradiation on nasal mucociliary clearance in head and neck cancer patients

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on fifty patients of histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer with the main aim to assess the nasal mucociliary clearance, pre-and post-irradiation; and to compare the findings with the healthy non-irradiated age and sex-matched controls. All the patients underwent saccharin particle test for nasal mucociliary clearance before commencement of radiation therapy and again within 6 months of completion of radiation therapy. The difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the healthy non-irradiated controls and the pre-irradiated head and neck cancer patients were statistically inssignificant (P>0.05). But, the difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the pre-and post-irradiated head and neck cancer patients was found to be statistically significant (P=0). It is concluded that even indirect irradiation of nasal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients significantly affect its ciliary activity. Significance of total radiation dosage along with chemotherapy in some cases was also studied.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断局部中晚期宫颈癌

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断局部中晚期宫颈癌的价值及宫颈癌的声像图特征。方法对106例经手术与病理证实的宫颈癌患者的二维声像图及CDFI表现进行了回顾性分析。结果局部中晚期宫颈癌经阴道彩色多普勒声像图表现具有特征性:宫颈增大、宫颈部低回声肿块、正常宫颈管结构消失、宫颈外浸润性肿块等图像改变;宫颈肿块内异常丰富彩色血流,呈“火球样”改变;而早期宫颈癌宫颈无明显增大及特异性改变;宫颈部肿块内血流动脉阻力指数平均0.41。结论经阴道彩色多普勒超声对局部中晚期宫颈癌病变范围、是否周围侵犯、肿块的血供情况等具有较大诊断价值,可作为局部中晚期宫颈癌治疗前常规的辅助检查方法。     

成年女性不同年龄组的肝代谢功能研究

目的:探讨健康成年女性不同年龄组肝代谢功能的差别.方法:用RP-HPLC检测49例18～34岁,46例35～50岁,18例51～60岁成年女性健康受试者的唾液咖啡因清除率(SCL).结果:18～34岁年龄组的SCL在正常值范围,18～34岁年龄组、35～50岁年龄组和51～60岁年龄组各组间比较,差别显著(P＜0.001).结论:女性随着年龄的增长,SCL下降,肝代谢功能减低.     

联机尿素清除率动态监测KT/V及相关因素分析

目的通过联机尿素监测器(OCM)实时动态监测KT/V,并对影响KT/V的相关因素进行分析。方法采用德国Fresenius4008S透析机及随机附带OCM组件,实时动态监测31例维持性血液透析患者,共308人次KT/V,同时记录透析器类型、透析时间、单超时间、血液流量,透析开始时尿素清除率(K1),透析两小时尿素清除率(K2),透析结束时尿素清除率(K3)。结果KT/V值与透析时间和血液流量成正相关,与尿素分布容积成负相关;尿素清除率和透析时间呈直线负相关,透析液流量由500ml/min调节到800ml/min,透析器的尿素清除率约提高15%。结论提高KT/V的有效方法是增加血流量、延长透析时间、提高透析液流量和使用高效率透析器;复用透析器不宜超过4次。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎内镜手术前后OMC区分泌腺的观察研究

目的:观察慢性鼻窦炎(CS)鼻内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻黏膜黏液纤毛清除系统的分泌腺结构和功能变化。方法:对20例慢性鼻窦炎术前及术后4个月窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)区鼻黏膜进行AB-PAS染色,光镜下观察,并与健康组(对照组10例)进行对照。结果:鼻窦炎术前组黏膜怀状细胞及黏膜下腺体有显著性增加(P<0.01),型鼻窦炎患者病理性腺体的增生尤为明显。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜杯状细胞可恢复至正常水平,与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),而黏膜下腺体未能恢复正常。结论:鼻黏膜杯状细胞及黏膜下腺体的增生是黏液纤毛清除功能障碍的原因之一,尤其是病理性腺体的增生。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜上皮化,但黏液纤毛清除系统的恢复需要更长时间。术后随访时间应超过4个月,以防复发。     

Detection of mono- and di-hexoses as metabolites of 4-bromoaniline using HPLC-TOF-MS/MS

1. The metabolic fate of 4-bromoaniline (4-BrA) was investigated in rat following intraperitoneal administration at 50?mg kg ? 1 using HPLC-TOF-MS/MS. 2. The sensitivity provided by the use of TOF-MS/MS, aided by the distinctive isotope pattern resulting from the presence of the bromine substituent in the molecule, enabled the detection of many previously uncharacterized metabolites in the samples. 3. Several groups of minor metabolites were detected in the urine that corresponded to a number of isomeric hexose and di-hexose-containing conjugates (possibly glucosides and diglucosides) of 4-BrA. 4. As well as hexose and di-hexose conjugates of 4-BrA, several further groups of metabolites that also contained either a sulphamate or sulphate group in addition to the sugar moieties were also detected.     

Can one stop nucleic acid sampling (OSNA) predict nodal positivity following neoadjuvant chemotherapy? A prospective cohort study of 293 patients

Until recently, axillary node clearance had long been the standard of care in patients with axillary node-positive disease. One stop nucleic acid sampling (OSNA) has been used to guide intraoperative decision-making regarding suitability for axillary node clearance (ANC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of OSNA following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and whether it can predict lymph node burden in ANC. A single center, prospective cohort study was performed on 297 patients having OSNA between 2016 and 2019. Patients were sub-classified according to node positivity at diagnosis and those treated with NACT and outcomes included copy number and lymph node harvest. Axillary complete pathological response was observed in 24/36 patients (67%) following NACT. 14/16 patients (87%) having axillary node clearance had axillary node disease limited to 4 nodes. OSNA copy numbers were significantly higher in patients showing disease progression following NACT. Overall, 73% of patients with lymph node positivity at diagnosis could be successfully treated with a combination of NACT and lymph node excision of four nodes. De-escalating axillary surgical treatment to resection of four nodes following NACT may be effective in balancing oncological resection and limiting treatment morbidity. ONSA can correctly identify patients experiencing disease progression who would benefit from traditional three-level ANC.