French translation and validation of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool,an instrument for measuring functional ankle instability

BackgroundAnkle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and can lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI). The Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) measures a subset of CAI, functional ankle instability (FAI). Because no French version existed, we set out to translate and validate the CAIT in French.MethodsThe CAIT was translated using a forward-backward methodology. We examined its psychometric properties and calculated a cut-off score for FAI in a sample of 102 subjects (median age 22 years).ResultsThe CAIT was translated without significant problems. The CAIT-F can discriminate between those with and without FAI (p < 0.001), with a cut-off score of ≤ 23 points. The test-retest reliability is excellent (ICC = 0.960), as is the internal consistency (α = 0.885). Construct validity was confirmed. No floor or ceiling effects were detected among subjects with FAI.ConclusionsThe CAIT is now available in French, and is a valid and reliable instrument.     

A RGG motif protein is involved in Toxoplasma gondii stress-mediated response

The molecular mechanisms controlling gene expression are still poorly understood in apicomplexan parasites. Here, we report the characterization of a homolog of the single strand binding proteins (named TgSsossB) in Toxoplasma gondii. We previously showed that TgSsossB interacts with the TgAlba proteins that are involved in translation regulation. We examined the role of TgSsossB in stress-mediated response, and particularly the role of its arginine–glycine–glycine (RGG) repeats domain. TgSsossB recombinant protein is able to bind to single strand DNA and RNA in a sequence-independent manner, but not to double stranded DNA. We showed that the RGG motif is not involved in this ability to bind to nucleic acid. We produced a mutant tagged strain lacking the RGG motif of TgSsossB using the knock-in strategy. We observed that this strain exhibited a fitness defect compared with the parental parasites. Moreover, the mutant strain produced fewer plaques in stress conditions, a defect that is due to a slow growth phenotype when extracellular parasites are exposed to stress. At the molecular level, we showed that the TgSsossB protein lacking a RGG motif lost its ability to interact with TgAlba2 and an isoform of TgAlba1, indicating that the TgAlba complex is likely non-functional in those parasites. Thus, our findings define the RGG domain of TgSsossB as a protein–protein interaction platform and underline the role of the TgAlba–TgSsossB complex in stress-mediated response.     

Characterisation and translation studies of messenger RNA from the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and construction of a cDNA library

RNA was isolated from trophozoites, schizonts and mixed populations of Plasmodium falciparum. 5% of the total was poly(A⁺) message, of average length 1.2 kb (10–12 kb maximum) and a poly(A) content of 10%. The mRNA fractions could be translated in vitro by reticulocyte lysates supplemented either with exogenous or P. falciparum tRNA. The patterns from two independent isolates, one cloned (T9-94) and one uncloned (K1) were virtually identical. Major translation products from 16–230 kDa have been measured. The most abundant is lactate dehydrogenase (34.8 kDa). Trophozoite mRNA codes principally for proteins of 93 kDa, while schizont mRNA codes for additional proteins of higher molecular mass. There are marked similarities between the in vitro translation products and proteins synthesised in vivo in synchronous cultures. A number of schizont mRNA translation products (principally those of 230, 203, 185, 170, 115, 101 and 71 kDa) are specifically precipitated without post-translational modification by sera from humans exposed to malaria. A cDNA library has been constructed in phage λ from total poly(A⁺) RNA and partially characterised. About 10% of the clones derive from abundant mRNA sequences. Putative actin clones have been isolated from this library and the parasite actin mRNA sized at approx. 2.8 kb.     

生态翻译学视角下马万里的中医英译探析

马万里(Giovanni Maciocia)作为海外中医英译的代表人物,对中医英译事业及中医海外传播做出了重要贡献.从生态翻译学视角出发,对马万里的英译从"三维转化"方面进行分析,探讨提高中医英译质量的策略和方法,以期促进中医药的国际交流.     

中医古名词翻译探讨

文章分析了中医古名词的成因和翻译中存在的问题,提出了中医古名词翻译的原则和方法.