Battery of behavioral tests in mice that models age-associated changes in human motor function

Motor function in humans can be characterized with tests of locomotion, strength, balance, and endurance. The aim of our project was to establish an analogous test battery to assess motor function in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were studied at 3 (n = 87), 20 (n = 48) and 26 (n = 43) months of age. Tests assessed locomotion, strength, balance/coordination, and endurance capacity in mice. Motor function was reduced in the older groups of mice for the locomotion, strength, and endurance subdomains (p < 0.001). As indicated with a summary score, motor function declined by 7.4 % from 3 to 20 months and by 13.5 % from 20 to 26 months. Based on comparison with previously published data in humans, the magnitude and relative time course of changes were similar in mice and humans in each subdomain except balance/coordination. Power calculations confirmed that the age-associated differences depicted by several of the individual tests and domain summary scores would be sufficient to assess the efficacy of interventions aimed at prevention or treatment of motor dysfunction with aging. The current study describes a mouse model that characterizes age-associated changes in clinically relevant domains of motor function and indicates that the preclinical model can be used to test strategies to attenuate age-associated declines in motor function.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11357-013-9589-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

妊娠期糖尿病产妇分娩的新生儿血糖管理审查指标的制订及障碍因素分析

目的 全面评估妊娠期糖尿病产妇分娩的新生儿血糖管理的临床现状,制订循证护理审查指标,分析障碍及促进因素。 方法 以乔安娜布里格斯研究所循证卫生保健模式为理论框架,确定临床护理问题,进行文献检索、评价并汇总证据,制订审查指标及审查方法;根据基线审查结果进行障碍因素分析,制订对策。 结果 本研究共纳入10条最佳证据,制订14条审查指标,其中仅2条指标依从率为100%,对审查结果逐条分析后得出主要障碍因素为系统层面流程制度缺乏、护士低血糖相关培训不足、产妇及家属对新生儿低血糖认知不够等,主要促进因素为领导力强、多团队协作等。实施相应对策后,14条审查指标依从率均>90%,其中10条为100%。结论 科学、全面评估实践中的障碍与促进因素,并给予相应的对策,可以有效促进证据在临床中的应用。     

Role of translation initiation factor 4G in lifespan regulation and age-related health

Inhibiting expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) arrests normal development but extends lifespan when suppressed during adulthood. In addition to reducing overall translation, inhibition alters the stoichiometry of mRNA translation in favor of genes important for responding to stress and against those associated with growth and reproduction in C. elegans. In humans, aberrant expression of eIF4G is associated with certain forms of cancer and neurodegeneration. Here we review what is known about the roles of eIF4G in molecular, cellular, and organismal contexts. Also discussed are the gaps in understanding of this factor, particularly with regard to the roles of specific forms of expression in individual tissues and the importance of understanding eIF4G for development of potential therapeutic applications.     

Language differences in qualitative research: is meaning lost in translation?

This article discusses challenges of language differences in qualitative research, when participants and the main researcher have the same non-English native language and the non-English data lead to an English publication. Challenges of translation are discussed from the perspective that interpretation of meaning is the core of qualitative research. As translation is also an interpretive act, meaning may get lost in the translation process. Recommendations are suggested, aiming to contribute to the best possible representation and understanding of the interpreted experiences of the participants and thereby to the validity of qualitative research.     

药品英文说明书的语言特点与翻译

目的:掌握药品英文说明书的基本结构、语言特点及翻译技巧,以指导临床合理用药。方法:根据药品名称、性状、药理作用、适应证、剂量和用法、注意事项、副作用和禁忌证等项目分析药品英文说明书的语言特点与翻译技巧。结果与结论:药品英文说明书大多使用被动语态,常用省略句和祈使句等,读者在理解和翻译药品英文说明书时对其应加以注意。     

药学论文标题的结构及英译

目的:探讨药学论文标题的结构及英译,以期为药学工作者提供参考。方法:对常见药学论文标题的结构进行例示,同时对药学论文标题英译注意事项进行探讨。结果与结论:标题的英译应注意主题突出、简短明了,避免冗长的谦虚套语,避免使用缩略词语,中英文标题的一致性等,掌握药学论文标题的结构及英译有助于提高该类论文标题翻译的准确性。     

镉和镍恶性转化16HBE上调基因eIF3 p36的克隆与序列

目的分析镉和镍恶性转化16HBE（人支气管上皮细胞）成瘤细胞株中翻译起始因子eIF3 p36基因序列的变化情况，探讨镉、镍重金属的致癌分子机制。方法取正常对照16HBE细胞、氯化镉（CAC12）和结晶型硫化镍（NiS）恶性转化的16HBE细胞，用有限稀释法分别建立单细胞克隆株，通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）获得目的基因翻译起始因子eIF3 p36的eDNA，将目的基因产物连接到T载体中，转化、扩增重组质粒。提取大肠杆菌中的重组质粒进行DNA测序。将三组DNA测序所得到的基因序列进行对比分析。结果镉、镍转化组各细胞株（各10株）翻译起始因子的eIF3 p36 cDNA测序结果与正常对照细胞（10株）比较未发现基因的突变位点；所有镉、镍转化细胞和正常对照细胞株eIF3 p36 cDNA序列与Genbank数据库进行同源性分析，相似性比值均为100％。结论实验中镉、镍恶性转化16HBE细胞中翻译起始因子eIF3 p36上调未见基因序列改变，提示在镉、镍致癌中可能涉及到表遗传机制。     

Instrumented measurement of in vivo anterior-posterior translation in the canine knee to assess anterior cruciate integrity.

This study was designed to objectively quantify in vivo anterior-posterior canine knee translation relative to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) integrity. Tibial translation was determined in one knee of 43 crossbreed hounds from radiographs performed while a set anterior and then posterior force was applied to the tibia using a custom designed device. The total (TTT), anterior (ATT), and posterior (PTT) tibial translation were measured (absolute) and normalized to the width of the tibia (normalized). Absolute and normalized TTT was significantly greater in ruptured ACL knees than in partially disrupted (PD) ACL knees, which were significantly greater than in intact ACL knees. ATT and PTT was significantly greater in ruptured ACL knees than in PD or intact ACL knees, which were not significantly different. The sensitivity and specificity of normalized TTT to distinguish knees with intact from PD ACLs were both 100%. Normalized TTT to distinguish knees with PD from ruptured ACLs had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 92%, respectively. Intra- and inter-observer intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.84 or higher for all translations. This precise non-invasive technique to assess canine knee translational stability and ACL integrity permits repetitive, objective measurements for diagnostic use and to assess therapeutic intervention efficacy.