Time gaps in mental imagery introduced by competing saccadic tasks

Recently it has been suggested that, somehow similarly to visual saccadic suppression, saccades interrupt some mental activities. After demonstrating that spontaneous eye movements can be used to trace the instantaneous evolution of mental imagery, we show here that making a voluntary saccade or anti-saccade as a secondary task introduces a large delay in a concurrent motion imagery task. An identical task requiring a shift of attention but not saccades also delays imagery, though to a lesser extent. The delay is never compensated afterwards, as if the time dedicated to the secondary task was lost. In contrast, motion imagery is not delayed by spontaneous saccades that accompany imagery, as compared to a fixation condition. We conclude that important time gaps in cognitive activity are introduced only by tasks competing for attentional resources, including voluntary saccades, in dual-task contexts.     

Time and frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces during walking: an investigation of variability and symmetry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability and symmetry of ground reaction force (GRF) measurements during walking, using time and frequency domain analysis. Means and standard deviations of selected GRF time and frequency domain parameters for the left and right sides were calculated from 10 trials of each side. The results showed that a 10-trial mean GRF frequency content meets acceptable variability limits (<10%), and confirms the hypothesis of gait symmetry. The time domain variable results in the vertical and anterior-posterior directions agree with previous findings. In contrast, time domain parameters in the medial-lateral component are characterised by substantial asymmetries, probably due to the high variability found in this axis. Results indicated that overall pattern examination of the GRF curves using frequency analysis instead of isolated time domain parameters, is a more appropriate procedure for GRF comparisons.     

对择期手术患者实施健康教育效果的观察

目的 探讨健康教育对择手术前患者精神状态的影响。方法 将138名患者随机分为健康教育组和对照组，应用修订的医院用焦虑、抑郁联合评定量表（HADS）对治疗前后两组病人分别进行评分。结果 健康教育组患者在手术前精神状况显著改善（P＜0．01）。结论 通过对术前患者进行健康教育能够明显改善患者的焦虑、抑郁情绪，使其更好地适应手术。     

正常人心率变异性时域分析

目的 :为了进一步探讨HRV时域的正常值及其与性别、年龄和心率因素的关系。方法　经 2 4小时动态心电图监测 117名健康正常人的心率变异性时域分析值 ;结果　显示 :正常值范围 :SDNN =14 1.7± 2 9.2 ,SDNN指数=5 7.8± 15 .0。SDANN指数 =130 .9± 2 8.3,RMSSD =39.0± 15 .0 ,PNN5 0 =16 .7± 12 .3,与国内外文献报道相近 ;男性SDNN指数高于女性的 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;HRV时域值与年龄 (r =-0 .2 6 9～ -0 .439,P <0 .0 1)和心率 (r=-0 .30 7～ -0 .476 ,P <0 .0 0 1)呈负相关关系 ,即HVR随年龄和心率的增加而减少 ;其中 <35岁和 35岁～ 6 0岁年龄组的SDNN指数、RMSSD和PNN5 0指数呈极度显著性差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,≥ 6 0岁和 35岁～ 6 0岁两年龄组的SDNN和SDNN指数值呈显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,<6 0次 分和 6 0～ 80次 分两心率组的SDNN、SDNN指数和SDANN指数值呈高度显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,6 0～ 80次 分和≥ 80次 分两心率组的SDNN指数呈显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :提示临床应用HRV时域值时须注意年龄、心率和性别因素     

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) for prevention of age-related vascular cognitive impairment and dementia

Aging is the most significant risk factor for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), and the number of individuals affected by VCI is expected to exponentially increase in the upcoming decades. Yet, there are no current preventative or therapeutic treatments available against the development and progression of VCI. Therefore, there is a pressing need to better understand the pathophysiology underlying these conditions, for the development of novel tools and interventions to improve cerebrovascular health and delay the onset of VCI. There is strong epidemiological and experimental evidence that lifestyle factors, including nutrition and dietary habits, significantly affect cerebrovascular health and thereby influence the pathogenesis of VCI. Here, recent evidence is presented discussing the effects of lifestyle interventions against age-related diseases which in turn, inspired novel research aimed at investigating the possible beneficial effects of dietary interventions for the prevention of cognitive decline in older adults.     

Ventilatory Support Use in Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Fifteen-year Trends in Spain (2001–2015)

AimWe examined fifteen years trends (2001–2015) in the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) or both (NIV + IMV) among patients hospitalized for community acquired pneumonia (CAP). We also analyzed trends overtime and the influence of patient factors in the in-hospital mortality (IHM) after receiving NIV, IMV or NIV + IMV.MethodsObservational retrospective epidemiological study. Our data source was the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database.ResultsOver a total of 1,486,240 hospitalized patients with CAP, we identified 56,158 who had received ventilator support in Spain over the study period. Of them, 54.82% received NIV, 37.04% IMV and 8.14% both procedures. The use of NIV and NIV + IMV increased significantly (p < 0.001) over time (from 0.91 to 12.84 per 100.000 inhabitant and from 0.23 to 1.19 per 100.000 inhabitants, respectively), while the IMV utilization decreased (from 3.55 to 2.79 per 100,000 inhabitants; p < 0.001). Patients receiving NIV were the oldest and had the highest mean value in the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score and readmission rate. Patients who received only IMV had the highest IHM. Factors associated with IHM for all groups analyzed included age, comorbidities and readmission. IHM decreased significantly over time in patients with CAP who received NIV, IMV and NIV + IMV.ConclusionsWe found an increase in NIV use and a decline in IMV utilization in patients hospitalized for CAP over the study period. Patients receiving NIV were the oldest and had the highest CCI score and readmission rate. IHM decreased significantly over time in patients with CAP who received NIV, IMV and NIV + IMV.     

北京东灵山地区鼠类体外寄生虫时间生态位的研究

目的 了解北京东灵山地区鼠类体外寄生虫时间生态位的情况。方法 计算寄生在7种鼠类体表的18种主要寄生虫的生态位宽度和彼此间的重叠指数。通过聚类分析，将重叠指数较高的寄生虫种类分在一个类群。结果 时间生态位最宽的种类，蚤类为特新蚤，蜱类为全沟硬蜱，革螨为巢鼠厉螨，恙螨为东方纤恙螨，季节消长曲线类型相似的物种时间生态位重叠指数较高。如东方纤恙螨和毒厉螨，二齿新蚤和特新蚤，沙百灵血革螨和特新蚤。结论 鼠类体外寄生虫重叠指数较高的种类。在宿主动物体表出现的时间基本一致。     

心肺复苏成功率与心脏除颤时间窗的关系

目的探讨心肺复苏(CPR)成功率与除颤时间窗的关系及临床意义。方法对2003年1月～2006年12月在我院急诊进行CPR的126例患者进行回顾性分析。结果126CPR患者中,基础疾病分别为心血管疾病40例,脑血管疾病14例,感染性疾病22例,胃肠道疾病18例,呼吸系统疾病14例,恶性肿瘤10例,中毒6例,其他2例。CPR成功37例,失败89例。复苏成功的37例心脏骤停患者中,尽早使用电除颤与复苏成功率有着密切的相关性,除颤开始的时间距心脏骤停时间越短复苏成功率越高(P<0.01)。而不同病种间复苏的成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CPR是否成功与基础疾病无明显相关性,心脏骤停患者尽早实施电除颤可明显提高CPR成功率。     

早进食对剖宫产术后产妇泌乳的探讨

目的：观察早进食对硬膜外麻醉下剖宫产术后产妇泌乳的影响。方法：对180例剖宫产术后产妇随机分为观察组和对照组，每组90例，观察组术后2小时进食流质兔奶饮食，对照组术后6小时进食，比较两组肛门排气时间、泌乳始动时间及泌乳量。结果：两组比较观察组肛门排气时间低于对照组有极显著差异（P〈0.01），乳汁分泌时间缩短、泌乳量较对照组量增多有显著差异（P〈0．05）。结论：剖宫产术后早进食对促进乳汁分泌，改善泌乳起到积极作用，提高了母乳喂养率。     

The relationship of respiratory sinus arrhythmia to the co-activation of autonomic and facial responses during the Rorschach test

We studied the relationship of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) to the co-activation of autonomic and facial expressive responses in 37 adult men during Rorschach testing. Interbeat interval (IBI), electrodermal activity, and facial electromyography were recorded continuously during the experiment. Prevailing mood and variability in the experience of valence and arousal were also measured. Bivariate intraindividual time series analysis was used to quantify spontaneously coupled phasic physiological responses. The results suggested that (a) spontaneous autonomic and expressive responses tend to parallel in time; (b) baseline, task-level, and task-induced change of RSA were positively related to coupled autonomic–expressive responses, a change in mood toward a more energetic state, and a tendency to have more variability in the emotional experience during the task; and (c) especially cardiac–expressive response coupling was related to mood change. It is concluded that the vagal system is related to the control of facial muscle activity and may mediate both tonic and phasic emotion-related changes in IBI. The role of phasic intraindividual response patterns in emotional and social behavior is highlighted.