Partner Support and Impact on Birth Outcomes among Teen Pregnancies in the United States

PurposeDespite hypothesized relationships between lack of partner support during a woman’s pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, few studies have examined partner support among teens. We examined a potential proxy measure of partner support and its impact on adverse birth outcomes (low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB) and pregnancy loss) among women who have had a teenage pregnancy in the United States.MethodsIn a secondary data analysis utilizing cross-sectional data from 5609 women who experienced a teen pregnancy from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), we examined an alternative measure of partner support and its impact on adverse birth outcomes. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess differences in women who were teens at time of conception who had partner support during their pregnancy and those who did not, and their birth outcomes.ResultsEven after controlling for potential confounding factors, women with a supportive partner were 63% less likely to experience LBW [aOR: 0.37, 95% CI: (0.26-0.54)] and nearly 2 times less likely to have pregnancy loss [aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: (0.32-0.72)] compared to those with no partner support.ConclusionsHaving partner support or involvement during a teenager’s pregnancy may reduce the likelihood of having a poor birth outcome.     

2648名青少年龋齿的调查分析

目的 通过对2 648名中专生龋齿状况的流行病学调查,了解14～18岁年龄段的青少年龋齿的发病情况。方法 对14～18岁 2 648名中专新生进行口腔龋齿及口腔卫生状况的调查。结果 2 648名青少年龋患率经统计学分析具有城市高于农村,女性高于男性,刷牙次数少者高于刷牙次数多者的特点。龋齿的患病率第二次高峰期处于15～16岁。结论 防治青少年时期的龋病,应加强口腔卫生知识宣教。     

正畸治疗对青少年错畸形患者社会心理行为的影响

目的调查正畸治疗对青少年社会心理行为的影响。方法从天津市口腔医院正畸科随机抽取400青少年初诊病例。选用儿童口腔健康影响程度量表进行纵向社会心理健康影响评估。结果社交情况在治疗前后变化有统计学意义,口腔症状、功能限制、情感状态在矫治初期改善更为明显。疗程增加变化逐渐变小。结论正畸治疗会明显改善青少年社交情况(P<0.05),对口腔症状、功能限制、情感状态无显著改善(P>0.05)。     

Marijuana's Effects on Brain Structure and Function: What Do We Know and What Should We Do? A Brief Review and Commentary

The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of the marijuana constituent cannabidiol as safe and effective for treatment of 2 rare forms of epilepsy has raised hopes that others of the 500 chemicals in marijuana will be found to be therapeutic. However, the long-term consequences of street marijuana use are unclear, and recent studies raise red flags about its effects. Changes in brain maturation and intellectual function, including decreases in intelligence quotient, have been noted in chronic users and appear permanent in early users in most but not all studies. These studies suggest that at a minimum, regular marijuana use should be discouraged in individuals under the age of 21.     

尿素注射联合手术治疗青少年阴囊静脉血管畸形

目的 探讨青少年阴囊静脉血管畸形的治疗方法,评价手术治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2010年12月诊治的32例青少年阴囊静脉血管畸形的病例资料,从单纯性局部病变到弥漫性广泛病变,其中31例术前先行瘤体内局部多点注射40％尿素溶液治疗,每日1次,每次半分钟以内,注射量为2～6 ml,连续注射治疗5～12d;然后分一期或二期手术切除瘤体.1例放弃治疗.结果 31例中手术根治性切除共28例,25例一期完整切除,3例二期完全切除,术后随访1～3年,无复发,术后阴囊双侧对称,外观满意;3例严重病例进行分期手术,仅行部分切除,术后外观较前改善.结论尿素联合手术切除瘤体的方法,可以有效地治疗青少年阴囊静脉血管畸形,并能满足美容学要求.     

Rational care or rationing care? The case of cervical screening across the United Kingdom

In 2003, The National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP) in England modified its recommendation by increasing the age at which to begin screening from 20 to 25. This was on the grounds that normal changes in the cervix before the age of 25 are often identified during screening as being abnormal, resulting in many young women receiving unnecessary treatment at both a significant psychological cost to the patient and a financial cost to the service. In 2011, the cervical screening programme in Northern Ireland was also amended followed closely by Scotland in late 2012. Some 10 years later, Wales finally altered cervical screening policy in January 2013 and now invite women for an initial screen at the age of 25, in line with the rest of the United Kingdom (UK).     

Central auditory processing in teenagers with non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media

IntroductionEvidences of possible effects of early age otitis media with effusion in the central auditory processing, emphasize the need to consider such effects also in subjects with chronic otitis media.AimTo investigate and analyze the impact of non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media on central auditory processing in teenagers.MethodsThis is a study in which 68 teenagers were recruited, 34 with a diagnosis of non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media (study group) and 34 without otological disease history (control group). The evaluation of the subjects consisted of: anamnesis, pure-tone threshold audiometry, speech audiometry and a behavioral test battery for assessment of central auditory processing.ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between the means observed in the study and control groups in all tests performed. An association was found between the control group and subgroups of the study group with unilateral alterations in all tests. An association was shown between the results for the control group and study group for family income, with a greater impact on subjects with a lower income.ConclusionsNon-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media affects the central auditory processing in teenagers suffering from the disorder, and monaural low-redundancy hearing is the most affected auditory mechanism. Unilateral conductive changes cause more damage than bilateral ones, and lower family income seems to lead to more changes to the central auditory processing of subjects with non-cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media.     

青少年网络行为与主观幸福感的关系研究

目的：研究青少年网络行为与主观幸福感的关系。方法：采用主观幸福感量表和网络行为量表测量了692名大学和高中学生。结果：①青少年主观幸福感总体水平较高，但生活满意度、积极情感、消极情感水平较低；青少年网络行为处于正常水平；②总体主观幸福感、生活满意度、消极情感在网络成瘾和非网络成瘾之问存在显著差异。但在积极情感维度上差异不显著；③网络行为对总体主观幸福感、生活满意度、消极情感作出显著预测，但预测力较微弱。结论：青少年网络行为对其主观幸福感产生了微弱的影响。