抗肿瘤药物的基因导向性个体化治疗

遗传药理学与药物基因组学的发展对于开展肿瘤的个体化治疗具有非常重要的意义。药物基因组学的发展使得多种影响肿瘤药物的遗传变异得以阐明，并进一步影响肿瘤治疗过程中的新药研发与个体化治疗。本文针对目前明确的能够影响抗肿瘤药物疗效的常见遗传变异进行综述，以促进抗肿瘤药物个体化治疗模式的推广。     

靶向uPA-uPAR系统在肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

uPA-uPAR系统在多种肿瘤组织中表达增高,该系统不但可促进细胞外基质蛋白降解,而且可以与玻连蛋白、整合素等结合参与细胞内信号转导,从而介导肿瘤的发生与发展。近年来,一系列靶向uPA-uPAR系统的方案在肿瘤治疗中取得了显著效果,并且其中部分药物已经进入临床试验阶段,为肿瘤的靶向治疗提供了新思路。本文拟从靶向uPA-uPAR系统的基因治疗、药物治疗和免疫治疗等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

Design attributes of long-circulating polymeric drug delivery vehicles

Following systemic administration polymeric drug delivery vehicles allow for a controlled and targeted release of the encapsulated medication at the desired site of action. For an elevated and organ specific accumulation of their cargo, nanocarriers need to avoid opsonization, activation of the complement system and uptake by macrophages of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In this respect, camouflaged vehicles revealed a delayed elimination from systemic circulation and an improved target organ deposition. For instance, a steric shielding of the carrier surface by poly(ethylene glycol) substantially decreased interactions with the biological environment. However, recent studies disclosed possible deficits of this approach, where most notably, poly(ethylene glycol)-modified drug delivery vehicles caused significant immune responses. At present, identification of novel potential carrier coating strategies facilitating negligible immune reactions is an emerging field of interest in drug delivery research. Moreover, physical carrier properties including geometry and elasticity seem to be very promising design attributes to surpass numerous biological barriers, in order to improve the efficacy of the delivered medication.