小剂量纳洛酮对吗啡镇痛效能的影响

目的 研究能够增强吗啡镇痛效能的纳洛酮剂量范围.方法 84只雄性SD大鼠,取42只随机分为7组(n=6),即生理盐水组对照组(NS)、吗啡对照组(M组,皮下注射吗啡6mg/kg),吗啡复合纳洛酮组(MN组,皮下注射吗啡6mg/kg及纳洛酮),根据纳洛酮剂量的不同(分别为1μg/kg、100、10、1和0.1ng/kg),MN组又分为MN1、MN2、MN3、MN4和MN5组.测定各组大鼠在注药前及注药后不同时间点的痛阈.另外42只大鼠分组方法 同上,仅将M组和各MN组吗啡剂量改为2mg/kg,在大鼠后爪建立急性疼痛模型后,分别皮下注射生理盐水或相应药物,观察各组大鼠在1h内的累积疼痛评分.结果 与NS组比较,M组和各MN组大鼠的痛阈在5～120min显著增高(P＜0.01);累积疼痛评分显著降低(P＜0.01).与M组比较,MN1组大鼠在30、40、50min的疼痛阈值显著降低(P＜0.01),累积疼痛评分升高(P＜0.01);MN2、MN3、MN4组大鼠的疼痛阈值在注药后20～120min内显著升高(P＜0.01),累积疼痛评分降低(P＜0.05);MN5组疼痛阈值、累积疼痛评分与M组比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论 1～100ng/kg的纳洛酮能够增强吗啡对大鼠的镇痛效能,1μg/kg的纳洛酮可拮抗吗啡的镇痛效能,而剂量在0.1ng/kg时则不增强吗啡的镇痛效能.     

均衡组间差异的有效方法:倾向评分

目的：实例介绍倾向评分法的基本原理和适用条件，设计适用于分析二分类资料的SAS宏程序。方法：运用倾向评分比较平衡前后两组间差异的改变情况，评价放弃心肺复苏急救与充血性心力衰竭患者院内死亡的联系。结果：采用分层法和匹配法都可以有效地平衡两组各个特征变量间所存在的高度差异，三种分析方法获得相近的估计结果。结论：倾向评分法是均衡组间差异的有效方法，能够匹配和平衡各个特征变量的作用，并用于分析各种观察性研究资料。     

CT影像学评分预测急性胰腺炎病情及转归的研究

目的 探讨CT影像学评分对急性胰腺炎病情和转归的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析入院后经CT检查的急性胰腺炎46例，按一定的规则对每例患进行CT影像学评分与分型，并与临床治疗中的有关资料进行对照。结果 46例患CT评分后获得：轻型24例，中型13例，重型9例。轻型患较重型住院日少、恢复顺利，中转手术及死亡率均以重型为高。结论 CT评分对急性胰腺炎病情及预后评估具有重要意义。     

Early Stroke Recognition: Developing an Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale

Objective : To develop an abbreviated and practical neurologic scale that could assist emergency medical services or triage personnel in identifying patients with stroke.
Methods : A prospective, observational, cohort study was performed at university-based EDs. Participants were 74 patients treated in a thrombolytic stroke trial and 225 consecutive non-stroke patients evaluated during 4 random 12-hour shifts in the ED. Scores on the NIH Stroke Scale were obtained for all patients by physicians. Items of this scale were modified and recoded to a binomial (normal or abnormal) scale. Serial univariate analyses using χ² were performed to rank items. Recursive partitioning was then performed to develop the decision rule for predicting the presence of stroke.
Results : Three items identified 100% of patients with stroke: facial palsy, motor arm, and dysarthria. An Abbreviated NIH Stroke Scale based on these items had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 92%. A proposed Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale consisting of facial palsy, motor arm, and a combination of dysarthria and best language items (abnormal speech) had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 88%.
Conclusion : Using the derivation data set, a proposed Out-of-hospital NIH Stroke Scale had a high sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with stroke when performed by physicians in this group of 299 ED patients. Prospective studies of other health care professionals using the scale in the out-of-hospital arena are needed.     

Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson's disease: a case-controlled study.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder of motor activity with a circadian pattern, occurring frequently in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We sought to estimate the prevalence of RLS in Indian PD patients. One hundred twenty-six consecutive PD patients and 128 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated using a predesigned questionnaire. RLS was present in 10 of 126 cases of PD (7.9%) and 1 of 128 controls (0.8%, P = 0.01). PD patients with RLS were older than those without RLS (63.70 +/- 7.80 years vs. 57.37 +/- 10.04 years; P = 0.05) and had higher prevalence of depression (40% vs. 10.3%; P = 0.023). No demographic factors or factors related to PD correlated with the presence or severity of RLS. RLS is more common among patients with PD than controls. A greater medical recognition of this disorder is needed in view of available effective treatment.     

Comparison of the treadmill exercise score and single-photon emission computed tomographic thallium imaging in risk assessment

Background  

This study compared the prognostic value of exercise single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium imaging with that of treadmill exercise score in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)     

Dietary intake in the elderly estimated by a 24 hour recall and a food frequency questionnaire

Two hundred and thirty-five tenants living in sheltered housing in Scotland were surveyed to identify the extent of under-nutrition and the social factors which contribute to its development. A validated 24 h recall and the nutrient checklist published by NAGE were used to evaluate patterns of dietary intake. A questionnaire was developed which included scales designed to measure depression, social engagement, cognitive function, mobility and functional ability. The results show considerable evidence of a number of major nutrients in which there were low intakes. In order to express the extent of poor nutrition, a nutrient score was developed where points are awarded based on the number of nutrients falling below the Lower Reference Nutrient Intake, the Estimated Average Requirement or below half the daily Estimated Average Requirement.     

影响胸部钝伤患者治疗方式临床因素分析

目的 探讨影响胸部钝伤住院患者治疗方式的因素，对胸部X线片判读的差异进行分析，作为改进处置胸部钝伤患者的依据及参考。方法 采用回顾性研究方法，收集2004—2006年因胸部钝伤或其外伤合并胸部钝伤，经急诊评估损伤严重指数（ISS）≤15，且对胸部钝伤暂采保守疗法的住院患者共96例（男76例，女20例）。对患者年龄、既往史、ISS、胸部X线片判渎等对治疗方式的影响与关系分为因病情需要改采用手术治疗组和继续采用保守治疗组来比较分析。结果两组在平均年龄、性别、ISS的统计上无差别。影响患者住院期间采用手术治疗的因素有年龄〉65岁（OR，3．14；95％CI，1．21～8．12；P〈0．05）；过去有心肺疾病病史（OR，2．85，95％CI，1．24～6．52，P〈0．05）；第一次的胸部X线片判读有血胸（OR，3．97；95％CI，1．43～10．98；P=0．015）。结论 年龄〉65岁，有心肺病史、第一次的胸部X线片判读有血胸是胸部钝伤患者在住院后改采用手术治疗的危险因子。有必要住院后追踪胸部X线片。