孙中山、张謇民生思想之比较

民生主义是孙中山毕生的追求,民生关怀也倾注了张謇毕生的精力.尽管他们二人的民生思想有各自的发展轨迹,实现民生思想的逻辑起点不同,实践民生理想的路径各异,民生思想的内核也有别,但是,他们的终极目标却是一致的.那就是:构建和谐社会,实现大同世界.     

孙一奎命门学说新探

从理学的太极元气学说探讨了孙一奎的命门学说，并从孙氏的证治用药来验证太极命门说的临尿意义。认为孙氏以肾间动气为命门，着眼于精气神的互生互化以处方用药，注重纳气、益精、养神，与单纯温补肾命者大异。所以，将孙一奎作为温补学派的代表人物是不妥当的。     

论孙思邈之肝气虚、肝虚寒观

目的　孙思邈的肝气虚和肝虚寒的理论概念与临床应用。方法　对孙思邈《千金要方》和《千金翼方》中之肝气虚和肝虚寒的主症、主药和主方及药物使用频率进行归纳、分析和总结。结果　肝气虚和肝虚寒表现以肝功能失调和一系列虚证为主的症状 ,但不一定全为虚寒症 ,也可能兼挟少量虚热症。方剂可以寒热兼夹、攻补并用。使用频率最高的药物为炙甘草和桂心。结论　肝气虚与肝虚寒理论现已很少应用 ,经对孙思邈的肝气虚、肝虚寒之主症和治疗观分析后认为 :肝气虚和肝虚寒表现以肝功能失调和一系列虚证为主的症状 ,但不一定全为虚寒症 ,也可能兼挟少量虚热症 ,这反映了孙氏的症候辨证以综合分析为主。孙氏遣方用药以对症和有效为宗旨 ,绝不拘泥于某药之性味 ,也不忌讳寒热、攻补兼用。     

The value of endografts in the surgical management of arterial lesions secondary to Behçet disease

Background

This study summarizes our experience in the surgical management of arterial lesions secondary to Behçet disease (BD) and assesses the value of endografts.

《未来的光防护：挑战与机遇》共识解读：国际防晒化妆品发展趋势及对中国的启示

【摘要】 目前对防晒化妆品的认识还存在一些误区,如防晒系数越高越好，防晒剂可以引起使用者缺钙等。防晒化妆品也存在诸如防晒系数测定和标识方法不统一、防护波长范围不足、对人体及环境的安全性不明等许多问题和挑战。本文阐述国际上防晒化妆品面临的问题、发展趋势及对中国防晒化妆品研发的启示等，供临床医师参考。     

Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ObjectivesPrevious studies showed the effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), but current guidelines do not recommend its routine use for surgical wounds. The aim was to compare the effectiveness and safety of NPWT with standard surgical dressing or conventional therapy for preventing SSIs.MethodsPubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched on 10 April 2019. Also, we searched clinicaltrials.gov and references of relevant studies. Eligibility criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and adult surgical patients were included. The effectiveness of NPWT versus standard surgical dressing or conventional therapy was investigated. Relative risks (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the pooled effect of dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes respectively. The primary outcome was surgical site infections. The quality of included studies and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using the risk of bias tool and the GRADE approach.ResultsA total of 45 RCTs with 6624 surgical patients were included. NPWT reduced SSIs (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.49–0.69) and wound dehiscence(17 RCTs; RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65–1.00). NPWT did not increase the risk of hematoma (9 RCTs; RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.40–2.07) and hospital readmission(9 RCTs; RR 0.77; 95% CI 0.52–1.12) or prolong length of hospital stay(15 RCTs; MD –0.38; 95% CI, –0.78 to 0.02). NPWT significantly increased the risk of all adverse event-related outcomes (10 RCTs; RR 3.21; 95% CI, 1.17–8.78). The level of certainty was identified as low for the primary outcome and very low for all the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsCompared with standard wound care, NPWT may reduce the risk of SSIs. We are uncertain whether NPWT reduces or increases the risk of wound dehiscence, haematoma, hospital readmission and all adverse event-related outcomes or if it shortens or prolongs length of hospital stay.