精益六西格玛管理法在提高24 h尿液标本留取合格率中的应用

目的　提高患者24 h尿液标本留取合格率，明确诊断，及时治疗，提高患者满意度。方法　本研究采用前瞻性研究，于2021年1月至12月，在广州中医药大学第二临床医学院芳村医院内分泌科选取需要留取24 h尿液标本检验的患者。对照组为2021年1—5月50例住院患者，观察组为2021年6—12月53例住院患者。对照组男30例，女20例，年龄（57.30±12.88）岁，病程（5.78±4.82）年；观察组男30例，女23例，年龄（58.00±12.19）岁，病程（6.83±5.76）年。对照组采用常规方法，观察组采用精益六西格玛管理体系，使用DMAIC（define， measure， analyze， improve， control）循环，即界定、测量、分析、改进、控制5个阶段构成的过程，改进方法进行项目推进，同时利用鱼骨图工艺改进工具，优化24 h尿液标本的留取流程，并对全过程进行有效监控。比较两组患者留尿时间正确率、标本污染率、标本量不足率、记录尿量正确率、护士规范宣教率、满意度。采用χ²检验、Fisher确切概率法、独立样本t检验。结果　对照组留尿时间正确率为90.00%（45/50），观察组留尿时间正确率为100.00%（53/53），差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）；对照组记录尿量正确率为90.00%（45/50），观察组记录尿量正确率为100.00%（53/53），差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）。调查患者的满意度，实施前后均调查50人，患者总体满意度评分由实施前的（3.86±0.57）分提升为实施后的（4.20±0.45）分，实施前后结果比较，差异有统计学意义（t=3.310，P=0.001）。结论　基于精益六西格玛管理，24 h尿液标本留取流程取得了较好的改进效果，能提升护理服务质量和患者满意度，得出一套适用于医院推广和借鉴的留取24 h尿液标本的优化流程。     

麝香保心丸治疗冠心病支架植入术后110例临床疗效观察

目的探讨麝香保心丸在治疗冠心病支架植入术后的临床疗效。方法选择冠心病支架植入术后到我科门诊就诊或住院的患者110例,随机分为治疗组55例和对照组55例,在常规药物治疗的基础上加用麝香保心丸,6和12个月分别进行对比观察。结果治疗组在6、12个月的总有效率高于对照组。结论冠心病支架植入术后患者,在常规药物治疗的基础上加用麝香保心丸,可以改善患者的症状及预后,减少心绞痛发作次数。     

Two-minute walk tests demonstrate similar age-related gait differences as a six-minute walk test

BackgroundThe six-minute walk test (6MWT) is used within clinical and research settings to assess gait performance across a variety of conditions and populations. Commonly, the test is used to identify specific aspects of gait that affect functional mobility. With the advancement of new technologies such as wireless inertial sensors, it has become possible to collect reliable, sensitive, and objective measures of gait. While the 6MWT has been accepted and used for many years, a more concise, while still objective gait analysis would likely benefit clinicians, researchers and patients.Research QuestionDoes a concise 2-minute walk test (2MWT) provide similar information regarding gait performance and gait differences as the 6MWT in healthy young (YA) and older adults (OA)?MethodsA total of thirty-one participants (sixteen young adults and fifteen older adults) conducted a continuous 6MWT at their self-selected pace. All participants wore six wireless inertial sensors which were placed on each foot, at the lumbar, sternum, and on each wrist. Once completed the 6MWT data was spliced into three, distinct two-minute segments. Spliced data was analyzed and compared between groups and segments.ResultsResults demonstrate significant age-related differences in several gait metrics, primarily with older adults showing increased spatiotemporal variability. Additionally, no significant differences were observed between the three, two-minute segments and the continuous 6MWT, with the exception of total number of strides completed.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that the 2MWT may provide a preferable alternative to assessing gait performance by reducing confounds such as fatigue while maintaining sensitivity of measuring gait performance. These improvements may be particularly beneficial when studying populations of advanced age or with neurological disorder.     

观察降压丸治疗高血压的临床疗效

目的：探讨降压心丸治疗高血压的临床疗效。方法：选取我院2007年6～2011年6月60例原发性患者，随机分为研究组和对照组．研究组患者30例使用降压丸进行治疗，对照组30例患者使用西药联合治疗，对比分析两组患者的治疗效果。结果：降压丸治疗原发性高血压效果更明显，总有效率达到93．33％。结论：降压丸对于治疗脑梗死、高血压等疾病的并发症治疗效果也非常明显，有较好的临床推广价值。     

精益六西格玛在降低医疗设备返修率中的应用研究

目的:分析医疗设备维修工作中影响返修率的关键环节并采取改进措施,从而降低医疗设备返修率。方法:以监护仪为例,逐步运用精益六西格玛的DMAICⅡ流程(定义—测量—分析—改进—控制)及鱼骨图、控制图、生产工序能力分析、Pareto图等方法量化设备维修的过程能力,通过分析参数质控的不合格率找出关键环节,并对改善过程能力前后进行对照和临床反馈统计。结果:发现维修工序中有未执行维修后质控、外购附件质量不高、维修技术水平低3个主要环节影响医疗设备返修率。实施改进措施后,平均质控不合格率和工序能力都得到明显改善,医疗设备返修率降低。结论:精益六西格玛通过定量的数据分析能减少设备维修工序中的变异,可修正工作流程,增强生产稳定性,对降低医疗设备返修率有现实意义。     

STEAP1 Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis and Is Associated With Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Procession

Purpose

Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 1 (STEAP1) is a cell surface antigen overexpressed in multiple cancers and is associated with malignancy and disease prognosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate STEAP1 expression in breast cancer and to determine the mechanisms involved.

A retrospective analysis comparing set up errors from standard versus customised headrests for head and neck radiotherapy

IntroductionIn response to advice from The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ⁽¹⁾ to reduce hospital visits during COVID-19, standard headrests were introduced for head and neck radiotherapy within Northern Centre for Cancer Care (NCCC). The standard headrest requires one mould room appointment compared to 3 appointments with customised headrests.MethodsTwo groups of 10 patients treated between December 2019 and June 2020 were retrospectively analysed by 1 observer. Groups were stratified according to age, sex and tumour site. One group had customised headrest and the other had standard headrest. Five hundred and forty seven cone beam computed tomography images were reviewed. A 6 Degree of Freedom match was performed then chin, shoulder and spine position were assessed using dosimetrist drawn structures. Structures out of the tolerance were recorded. A chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe out of tolerance chin position count recorded was 21 for customised headrest and 36 for standard headrest, p-value 0.046. The shoulder position count was 13 for customised headrest and 77 for standard headrest p-value <0.001. The spine position count was 3 for CHR and 21 for standard headrest, p-value <0.001. This means the headrests compared are not equivalent in terms of set up reproducibility. Overall the standard headrest group had 10 set-up re-scans and no set up re-scans were recorded in the customised headrest group.ConclusionFewer hospital visits with SHR reduce patient exposure to COVID-19. However, CHR provided a more reliable level of immobilisation in this study.Implications for practiceThe radiotherapy service will be reviewed in line with these findings.     

清肺止咳丸配合穴位贴敷治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的研究

目的：探讨清肺止咳丸配合穴位贴敷对咳嗽变异性哮喘的治疗作用。方法：选取2013年1月-2014年9月的120例咳嗽变异性哮喘患者,随机分为两组,每组各60例,治疗组应用清肺止咳丸配合穴位贴敷治疗,对照组应用肺力咳胶囊治疗,两组均以10 d为一疗程,2个疗程后统计结果。结果：治疗组总疗效及主要症状评分、LCQ测评及各单项指标评分、小气道通气状况与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,两组患者外周血嗜酸粒细胞计数均有改善。结论：清肺止咳丸配合穴位贴敷治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘有较好的临床疗效。