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101.
The value of different resistance parameters in distinguishing biopsy-proved dysfunction of renal allografts 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Frauchiger B.; Bock A.; Eichlisberger R.; Landmann J.; Thiel G.; Mihatsch M. J.; Jager K. 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1995,10(4):527-532
The data concerning the value of duplex sonography in diagnosingparenchymatous renal allograft dysfunction are controversial.Most early studies did not take into consideration the manyfactors influencing resistance parameters. We therefore performeda prospective, biopsy-controlled study with exclusion of allknown sources of error regarding resistance parameters. Furthermorewe investigated the value of a new resistance parameter, thesystolic deceleration percentage. Forty-seven duplex sonographicstudies were performed on 43 patients (30 male, 13 female, medianage 47 years, range 770). Fourteen studies were doneon normally functioning grafts (control group) an average of33 days after transplantation. Thirty-three studies were performedon dysfunctional grafts immediately prior to biopsy. Graftswhich had been transplanted more than a year previously or withvascular findings or any other clinical or sonographic pathologyprobably explaining function deterioration were excluded. Inall patients, the resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI)and systolic deceleration percentage (DP) were calculated inthe main renal artery and in the interlobar artery. Of the 33grafts with dysfunction, nine had vascular rejection (VR), 11interstitial rejection (IR), 11 cyclosporin A toxicity (CAT)and two other histologies (OR). The mean RI in normal grafts(NO) was 0.71±0.06 in the main artery and 0.68±0.06in the interlobar artery, in VR 0.86±0.12 and 0.80±0.18,in IR 0.72±0.05 and 0.70±0.07, in CAT 0.67±0.06and 0.65±0.07 and in OR 0.64±0.07 and 0.60±0.01.For PI, the values were 1.45±0.23 and 1.41±0.28(NO), 3.5±2.13 and 2.92±2.16 (VR), 1.55±0.26and 1.46±0.33 (IR), 1.32±0.25 and 1.27±0.26(CAT) and 1.30±0.34 and 1.13±0.04 (OR). For DPwe calculated 28±5% and 29±6% (NO), 43±14%and 36±6% (VR), 29±9% and 27±9% (IR), 31±8%and 32±7% (CAT ) and 32±4% and 28±3% (OR).The sensitivity/specificity for VR with a cutoff mean+2 SD was0.44/1 for RI, 0.55/0.97 for PI and 0.33/0.89 for DP. It wasconcluded that:(1) despite the high selection of our patientgroup, diagnostic accuracy of duplex sonography for diagnosingparenchymatous function disorder in renal allograft remainsinsufficient; (2) in vascular rejection only, the resistanceparameters differ significantly from the values of normal allografts;(3) the higher the cutoff of resistance parameters, the betterthe specificity and the worse the sensitivity for diagnosingvascular rejection; (4) of all investigated resistance parameters,the RI is the most practical due to a simple measurement technique. 相似文献
102.
Incidence and prevalence of the sexual dysfunctions: A critical review of the empirical literature 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
The research which has assessed the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunctions is reviewed. Twenty-three studies are evaluated. Studies completed with community samples indicate a current prevalence of 5–10% for inhibited female orgasm, 4–9% for male erectile disorder, 4–10% for inhibited male orgasm, and 36–38% for premature ejaculation. Stable community estimates with regard to the current prevalence of female sexual arousal disorder, vaginismus, and dyspareunia are not available. Recent studies completed with clinical samples suggest an increase in the frequency of orgasmic and erectile dysfunction and a decrease in premature ejaculation as presenting problems. Desire disorders have increased as presenting problems in sex clinics, with recent data indicating that males outnumber females. Methodological limitations of these studies are identified and suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
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106.
小檗碱对大鼠阴茎海绵体磷酸二酯酶5mRNA水平的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的 :检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中磷酸二酯酶 5 (PDE5 )mRNA的表达 ,进而探讨小檗碱 (berberine ,Ber)的分子作用机制。 方法 :通过逆转录酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术检测大鼠阴茎海绵体中PDE5mRNA的表达。 结果 :大鼠阴茎海绵体中有PDE5A1和PDE5A2mRNA的表达 ,以PDE5A2为主要的异构酶。与内参照 β 肌动蛋白相比 ,对照组、Ber孵育 1和 3h组的PDE5A1及PDE5A2基因mRNA的相对表达量分别为 :0 .2 2± 0 .0 2 ,0 .4 1± 0 .0 1 ;0 .1 5± 0 .0 1 ,0 .34± 0 .0 2 ;0 .1 0± 0 .0 1 ,0 .1 2± 0 .0 1。与对照组相比 ,PDE5A1、PDE5A2的mRNA表达 ,在Ber孵育 1h组降低了 32 %和 1 7%,3h组降低了 5 5 %和 71 %,其中尤以应用Ber 3h后PDE5A2的mRNA减少最为明显 (n =5 ,P <0 .0 1 )。 结论 :Ber对NO cGMP信号通路的下游关键酶 (PDE5 )具有一定的调控作用 ,尤其是抑制PDE5A2的mRNA表达 ,为Ber治疗勃起功能障碍的分子机制之一。 相似文献
107.
糖尿病雄性大鼠性腺5α-还原酶Ⅱ型活性变化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
目的 :探讨大鼠青春期和成年期糖尿病时性腺 5α 还原酶Ⅱ型的活性变化。 方法 :取 4 0d和 90d龄雄性Wistar大鼠各 30只 ,分别分为对照组 (C)、糖尿病组 (D)和胰岛素治疗糖尿病组 (ID)。采用薄层层析法测定各组附睾头、附睾尾、前列腺和睾丸组织内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性。 结果 :①青春期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ 型的活性D组均明显低于C组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而ID组明显高于D组 (P <0 .0 1) ;②成年期大鼠性腺的各部位内 ,5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性在C、D和ID组各组间差异无显著性 (P均 >0 .0 5 )。 结论 :青春期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶 Ⅱ型的活性更易受代谢环境、激素水平及局部特异性因素的影响 ,而成年期大鼠性腺内 5α 还原酶Ⅱ 型的活性相对稳定 相似文献
108.
目的 探讨阻塞性黄疸患者并发肾功能损害时血清一氧化氮 (NO)的变化及其临床意义。方法 对 2 5例阻塞性黄疸并发肾功能损害患者的血清NO、一氧化氮合成酶 (NOS)活性、BUN和Cr值进行检测 ,并以 2 6例健康者作为正常对照。结果 阻塞性黄疸组BUN和Cr高于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,而NO和NOS则低于正常对照组 (P<0 .0 1 )。相关分析显示 ,NO与BUN和Cr呈负相关关系 ,其相关系数分别为 - 0 .41 9和 - 0 .553(P<0 .0 1 )。结论 阻塞性黄疸并发肾功能损害时其血清NO和NOS下降 ,提示NO在阻塞性黄疸时对肾功能有一定保护作用 相似文献
109.
Martine Visser Johan Marinus Anne M Stiggelbout Jacobus J Van Hilten 《Movement disorders》2004,19(11):1306-1312
We developed a questionnaire to assess autonomic symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and evaluated its reliability and validity. Based on the results of a postal survey in 46 PD patients, 21 multiple system atrophy patients, and 8 movement disorders specialists, items were included according to their frequency, burden, and clinical relevance. The questionnaire was evaluated in 140 PD patients and 100 controls, and test-retest reliability was established in a sample of 55 PD patients. The SCOPA-AUT consists of 25 items assessing the following regions: gastrointestinal (7), urinary (6), cardiovascular (3), thermoregulatory (4), pupillomotor (1), and sexual (2 items for men and 2 items for women) dysfunction. Test-retest reliability was good. Autonomic problems increased significantly with increasing disease severity for all autonomic regions, except sexual dysfunction. We conclude that SCOPA-AUT is a reliable and valid questionnaire that evaluates autonomic dysfunction in PD. 相似文献
110.