超声弹性成像技术联合血清学标志物预测2型糖尿病的应用价值

<正>多项研究表明,非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者(NAFLD)发生2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)的风险是正常人的5倍^[1-3]。在T2DM患者中,NAFLD的患病率可高达70%^[4]。肝脏瞬时弹性成像技术(tran-sient elastography,TE)是近年来新兴的超声无创检查方法,主要基于超声信号在肝组织中传播受肝细胞中脂滴的影响而出现显著衰减的原理来评估肝脏脂肪性病变,     

血脂水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理特征及C3、C4水平的关系

目的 探讨血脂水平与IgA肾病（IgAN）患者临床病理特征及补体3、4（C3、C4）水平的关系。方法 选取2018年1月—2021年12月在蚌埠医学院第一、二附属医院肾脏内科行肾活检诊断为IgAN的119例患者为研究对象,根据血脂水平将其分为异常组（84例）［甘油三酯（TG）≥ 2.26 mmol/L和/或总胆固醇（TC）≥ 6.22 mmol/L和/或高密度脂蛋白（HDL）< 1.04 mmol/L］、正常组（35例）,比较两组患者临床病理特征,采用Pearson法分析血脂（TG、TC、HDL）与C3、C4水平的相关性。结果 异常组与正常组患者年龄、性别构成、收缩压、舒张压、血红蛋白、白蛋白、血肌酐、eGFR、血尿素氮、血尿酸、24 h尿蛋白、尿红细胞计数、CKD分期、肾小球球性硬化、肾小管萎缩面积、小球新月体、间质血管损伤程度、炎症细胞浸润及Lee氏分级比较,差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）。异常组BMI、C3、C4水平高于正常组（P <0.05）。IgAN患者血清TG与C4呈正相关（r =0.247,P <0.05）,与C3无相关性（r =0.102,P >0.05）;血清TC与C4呈正相关（r =0.240,P <0.05）,与C3无相关性（r =0.029,P >0.05）;血清HDL与C3、C4无相关性（r =0.080和0.171,均P >0.05）。结论 部分IgAN患者存在血脂水平异常,且其血清TG、TC与C4水平呈正相关。     

Effect of oestriol succinate on serum lipids

The series comprises 70 women with climacteric symptoms; 14 of them were oophorectomized. The first group of patients received 4 mg of oestriol succinate per day or a placebo in a double-blind experiment. In the second part of the study oophorectomized women were given 8 mg of oestriol succinate per day or 16 mg/day divided into two doses. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and serum triglycerides were estimated before drug treatment and after drug administration for three and six months. Administration of 4–16 mg/day of oestriol succinate was without effect on serum total cholesterol. A significant increase of 25–30% in HDL-cholesterol was observed following administration of oestriol succinate (8 mg or 16 mg divided into two doses) with a rising tendency in total triglyceride value.     

Diuretic treatment and serum lipoproteins: Effects of tienilic acid and indapamide

Summary Treatment with the commonly used diuretic, chlorthalidone, has previously been found to increase the serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) fraction. Therefore, the effects of two new agents, tienilic acid (a combined diuretic-uricosuric) and indapamide on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were assessed. Six weeks of treatment with tienilic acid, 250 mg/day, markedly decreased serum uric acid and significantly increased LDL-C and triglycerides in 16 men. In contrast, indapamide 2.5 mg/day, had no apparent influence on serum lipids or lipoproteins in 18 men.Supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation     

Response of body temperature and serum iron concentration to repeated pyrogen injection in rabbits

We measured body temperature and serum iron concentration after five daily consecutive injections of febrile doses of Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide (0.1 g/kg) and two doses of Staphylococcus aureus cell walls (1×10⁷ and 5×10⁷ cells) in rabbits. Tolerance to endotoxin injection, as manifest by a significant attenuation in the body temperature elevation, developed after the first injection of endotoxin. The endotoxin-induced fall in serum iron concentration was attenuated significantly by the 5th day of endotoxin injection. In contrast, no tolerance developed in either the body temperature or serum iron response following repeated daily injections of S. aureus. Rabbits rendered tolerant to endotoxin showed normal febrile and serum iron responses to subsequent S. aureus injection. Rabbits given serial injections of S. aureus, although not tolerant to S. aureus itself, exhibited attenuated body temperature responses but not serum iron responses to endotoxin injection. We suggest that repeated injection of endotoxin diminishes the ability of endotoxin to stimulate endogenous pyrogen (EP) synthesis and/or release, a property not shared by the gram-positive pyrogen S. aureus. However, repeated injection of S. aureus weakens the central endotoxin-EP pathway.     

Diagnosis of arylsulfatase A deficiency in intact cultured cells using a fluorescent derivative of cerebroside sulfate

A fluorescent derivative of cerebroside sulfate (12-(1-pyrene)dodecanoyl-sphingosylgalactosyl-0-3-sulfate (P12-sulfatide) has been synthesized as a potential substrate for the determination of cerebroside sulfatidase (or arylsulfatase A) activity. It was administered into cultured human skin fibroblasts and thereby utilized for the diagnosis of arylsulfatase A deficiency. Cultured skin fibroblasts from normal individuals and healthy persons suffering from a pseudoarylsulfatase A deficiency (PD) degraded the P12-sulfatide, while in cells derived from a metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) patient it remained essentially intact. This contrasts with in vitro determinations of enzymatic activity, where the MLD or PD-derived arylsulfatase A exhibit similar deficiency, in spite of a profoundly different clinical course. Administration of the fluorescent sulfatide into the intact cells permitted a sensitive and rapid diagnosis of MLD and its distinction from the PD-phenomenon. This might be of particular importance for cases in which a rapid diagnosis is required and for prenatal diagnosis of fetuses from families afflicted with both MLD and pseudo-deficiency mutant genes.     

Predicting development of sustained unresponsiveness to milk oral immunotherapy using epitope-specific antibody binding profiles

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氨基胍对去卵巢大鼠主动脉晚期糖化终末产物及血脂的影响

将 6月龄雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组 (sham)、去卵巢组 (OVX)和去卵巢 +氨基胍组 (OVX +AG)。去除双侧卵巢 2周后用氨基胍治疗 13周。禁食 2 4h ,放血处死动物 ,取血和主动脉 ,分别测定主动脉AGEs、血脂和血清过氧化物含量。结果表明 ,与假手术组比较 ,去卵巢组主动脉AGEs、甘油三脂 (TG)、氧化低密度脂蛋白 (OX LDL)、丙二醛 (MDA)均明显升高 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、载脂蛋白AⅠ (apo AⅠ )和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性均显著降低 (均P <0 0 1)。氨基胍组与病理组比较 ,主动脉AGEs、血清TG、MDA和OX LDL均明显降低 (分别为P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5、P <0 0 5和P <0 0 1) ;HDL C、apo AⅠ和SOD活性均显著升高 (均P <0 0 1)。提示氨基胍通过降低去卵巢大鼠主动脉AGEs含量 ,降低大鼠血清OX LDL和TG水平 ,升高HDL C、apo AⅠ水平和SOD活性 ,发挥其对心血管的保护作用     

Identification of a common variant in the lipoprotein lipase gene in a large Utah kindred ascertained for coronary heart disease: the -93G/D9N variant predisposes to low HDL-C/high triglycerides

Defects in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene are associated with dyslipidemia in the general population. Several rare mutations in the gene, as well as two common coding region polymorphisms, D9N and N291S, exhibit deleterious effects on circulating lipid levels. Using a linkage-based approach, we have identified a large Utah kindred segregating the D9N variant in the LPL gene. The kindred was ascertained for premature coronary heart disease and was expanded based on familial dyslipidemia. A genomic scan identified a region of linkage including LPL, and mutation screening identified the segregating variant. In the kindred, the variant shows high penetrance for a hypoalphalipoproteinemia phenotype, but is also associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated insulin levels. The strength of linkage was dependent on the combination of phenotype definition and model parameters, favoring the use of a MOD score approach. Most other studies of LPL have proceeded by mutation screening of randomly chosen individuals or selected affected probands; this is the first example identifying a segregating LPL mutation using direct linkage.     

Channels in planar bilayers made from commercially available lipids

Planar bilayer membranes were made from commercially available lipids. With various lipids, originating from biological sources, such as egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, soybean phosphatidylcholine or bovine brain phosphatidylserine, spontaneously fluctuating channels could be observed. Spontaneous channel activity could not be observed in planar bilayers made from synthetic lipids, such as 1,2 diphytanoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine. It is concluded that the observed channels are due to proteolipids, being present as impurities in the lipid material.