面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品的筛选与评价

【摘要】 目的 对面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品进行筛选与评价。方法 2019年6 - 8月在重庆市中医院职工中招募40例乳酸刺痛试验阳性者作为研究对象，分别进行4种敏感性皮肤用防晒化妆品（标记为产品Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）的人体皮肤封闭型斑贴试验。将40例受试者平均分为2组，分别于面部使用安全性较高的2种产品，于使用前、使用后2周和4周评估红斑、水肿、脱屑情况，采用仪器无创检测经皮水分丢失、皮肤角质层含水量、皮肤黑素含量、皮肤油脂含量。分别于受试者背部涂上述2种产品，采用紫外日光模拟仪进行防晒指数（SPF，12例）及长波紫外线防护指数（PFA，11例）测定。计量资料采用配对t检验和单因素方差分析比较；非参数资料采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较。结果 斑贴试验显示，防晒产品Ⅲ仅发生1例1级反应，产品Ⅳ未发生阳性反应，安全性高于另外2款产品。主观安全性评价显示，使用产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ4周时红斑程度均低于使用前（Wilcoxon符号秩检验，Z = 4.73、4.82，均P < 0.05）。客观功效性评价显示，使用防晒产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ前及使用2周、4周时表皮失水率、角质层含水量、黑素含量差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）；使用产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ4周时表皮失水率（30.05 ± 1.47、30.37 ± 1.28）、黑素含量（112.58 ± 7.34、103.47 ± 5.48）均低于使用前（均P < 0.05），角质层含水量（62.35 ± 2.67、63.72 ± 2.54）均高于使用前（均P < 0.05）。使用4周时，产品Ⅳ组黑素含量（103.47 ± 5.48）与产品Ⅲ组（112.58 ± 7.34）比较，差异有统计学意义（t = 8.45，P < 0.05）。产品ⅣSPF值、PFA值（51.8 ± 2.9、10.1 ± 1.2）均高于产品Ⅲ（31.5 ± 2.6、7.4 ± 0.7，t = 15.34、24.66，均P < 0.05）。结论 综合应用封闭型斑贴实验、长期试用试验、防晒指数测定等方法可评价面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品的安全性和防晒功效。     

OCT4及BIM蛋白在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中的表达及其相关性研究

目的 研究OCT4及Bim蛋白在卵巢浆液性肿瘤中的表达及其相关性,并探讨两者在化疗耐药中的影响.方法 采用免疫组化sp法,对67例卵巢浆液性囊腺癌(化疗耐药30例,敏感37例)、卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤石蜡标本10例、卵巢交界性浆液性囊腺瘤者石蜡标本10例及正常卵巢组织石蜡标本10例,进行OCT4及Bim蛋白表达情况检测.结果 OCT4蛋白阳性表达率在恶性、交界性、良性、正常组织中依次递减,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);在耐药组与敏感组阳性表达率分别为83.33％和45.95％,差异有统计学意义(P =0.002).Bim蛋白阳性表达率在恶性、交界性、良性、正常组织中依次递增,差异有统计学意义(P =0.002);在耐药组与敏感组阳性表达率分别为43.33％和70.27％,差异有统计学意义(P=0.026).在化疗耐药卵巢浆液性癌中,OCT4蛋白与Bim蛋白表达无明显相关性(γ=0.03;P=0.875);在化疗敏感卵巢浆液性癌中,OCT4蛋白与Bim蛋白表达亦无明显相关性(γ =0.006;P =0.97).OCT4蛋白与Bim蛋白表达与卵巢浆液性癌的发展呈负相关(P＜0.01).OCT4蛋白与Bim蛋白与卵巢浆液性癌临床病理因素无关.结论 OCT4及Bim蛋白与卵巢浆液性癌的发生与发展有关.OCT4蛋白与Bim蛋白表达在卵巢浆液性癌的发展呈负相关.OCT4与Bim蛋白在卵巢浆液性肿瘤的发生、发展相互作用.OCT4基因高表达,Bim基因低表达可能是造成卵巢浆液性癌对紫杉醇+铂类化疗耐药的因素之一.     

叶酸受体靶向伊马替尼pH敏感脂质体的制备工艺及质量评价研究

摘 要 目的：运用改良的硫酸铵梯度法制备叶酸受体靶向伊马替尼pH敏感脂质体（FSLI）,并评价其质量。方法: 采用改良的硫酸铵梯度法制备FSLI,以包封率为指标进行制备工艺的优化;采用琼脂糖凝胶CL 4B柱分离脂质体和游离药,HPLC法测定FSLI的包封率;运用Zeta PALS粒径电位分析仪测定脂质体的平均粒径及Zeta电位,透射电镜观察脂质体的形态;运用动态透析法考察FSLI在不同pH环境中的药物释放情况,并考察FSLI在不同pH、37℃水浴中的粒径随时间的变化情况。结果: 制得的FSLI为圆形或类圆形的大单室脂质体,平均粒径为（155.2±1.92）nm,Zeta电位为 （29.36±3.21）mV,平均包封率为（90.7±1.70）%。FSLI在pH 7.4的中性环境中,药物释放缓慢,24 h累积释放度为2.76%,而在pH 5.5的酸性环境中,药物释放显著加快,24 h累计释放度均达到93.2%,表现出非常强的pH敏感性能。FSLI在pH 7.4的中性环境中不具有融合性能,而在pH 5.5的酸性环境中,粒径迅速增大,脂质体发生融合。结论:采用改良硫酸铵梯度法制备的FSLI,能获得较高的包封率,并具有良好的pH敏感性能。     

应用Dot—ELISA检测过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原的研究

应用Dot-ELISA检测过敏性皮肤病患者血清对多种过敏原的特异性IgG抗体 ,了解过敏原对患者的致敏状况 ,并研究该试验的最适条件 ,检测方法的敏感性和重复性。结果表明Dot-ELISA检测过敏原和抗过敏原的特异性IgG抗体具较高特异性和敏感性 ,且具成本低 ,操作简便 ,观测结果直接等优点。为检测过敏性皮肤病患者过敏原的一种较好方法。     

Diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de piel sensible: un algoritmo para la práctica clínica habitual

Sensitive skin has traditionally been viewed as a cosmetic problem or as a purely psychosomatic alteration with a major subjective component. Different studies of its pathophysiologic etiology, however, have shown it to be a complex entity that several authors now consider to be a neurodermatological syndrome. Because of this complexity, skin sensitivity can be difficult to diagnose and treat, particularly considering that it may present with another disease. Simple tools applicable to clinical practice are thus necessary to identify and manage this disease as an independent entity. In this study, we perform a practical review of the most recent scientific advances in the area of sensitive skin that justify it being considered an individual entity, and provide tools for its identification and treatment. We propose diagnostic and treatment algorithms based on evidence from the literature and our experience and expertise.     

敏感性皮肤评价方法

【摘要】 在外界环境的刺激下,敏感性皮肤人群比非敏感性皮肤人群更易产生一些不良感觉和症状,如化学物质刺激皮肤后产生瘙痒、疼痛的感觉,甚至出现红斑。国内外针对敏感性皮肤评价方法的相关综述较少。本文综述主观评定、半主观测试、客观评价敏感性皮肤的方法,总结不同类型敏感性皮肤适用的评价方法,分析各种评价方法的优点和局限性。     

Low doses of amphetamine lead to immediate and lasting locomotor sensitization in adolescent, not adult, male rats

Although there is much evidence for age differences in behavioural responses to psychostimulants in rats, the differential, lasting impact of drug exposures has rarely been investigated using direct comparisons of adolescent and adult rats. Male rats were pre-treated with 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine or saline on either postnatal days (P) 31 and P33 or P76 and P78, and locomotor activity was measured for 1 h. Adolescent, and not adult, rats showed a significant increase in distance traveled from the first to second pre-treatment. There was no evidence of sensitization of locomotor activity in either adolescents or adults on Challenge 1 to the same dose of amphetamine when tested 12 days later on P45 (late adolescence) or on P90. Rats that were pre-treated as adolescents exhibited locomotor sensitization to 1.5 mg/kg amphetamine as adults (P60) on Challenge 2, 27 days after pre-treatment, particularly in the group that had also received amphetamine on Challenge 1 at P45. Rats that were pre-treated as adults did not show sensitization on Challenge 2. The results suggest that the rapid adaptations to drug exposures in adolescence have greater consequences than identical treatment in adulthood, and highlight the unique vulnerability of adolescents to brief, low dose drug exposure.     

Phase II trial of amrubicin and carboplatin in patients with sensitive or refractory relapsed small-cell lung cancer

Amrubicin is a novel, totally synthesized anthracycline derivative, and has antitumor activity against several human tumor xenografts. The combination of amrubicin with platinum derivative showed additive effect against a human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line. Until now, the combination of amrubicin plus carboplatin has not been studied in patients with previously treated SCLC. Therefore, we examined the safety and efficacy of the combination of amrubicin plus carboplatin in patients with sensitive or refractory relapsed SCLC. Patients with previously treated SCLC were eligible if they had a performance status of 2 or less, were 75 years or younger, and had adequate organ function. Twenty-five patients were enrolled (21 men and 4 women; median age, 65 years; age range 55-73 years). Patients received the combination of amrubicin (30 mg/m² on days 1-3) plus carboplatin (with a target area under the concentration-versus-time curve of 4 mg min/ml using the Calvert formula on day 1) every 3 weeks. The overall response rate was 36.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.0-57.5%). Response rates differed significantly between patients with sensitive relapse (58.3%; 95% CI, 27.7-84.8%) and those with refractory relapse (15.4%; 95% CI, 1.9-15.4%; p = 0.03). The median survival time (MST) from the start of this treatment was 7 months (range: 1-42 months); the MST of patients with sensitive relapse (10 months) was significantly longer than that of patients with refractory relapse (5 months: p = 0.004). The median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 3 months (range: 1-14 months): the median PFS time of patients with sensitive relapse (5 months) was significantly longer than that of patients with refractory relapse (2 months; p = 0.01). The most frequent grade 3-4 toxicity was myelosuppression, especially neutropenia, which developed in 88% of patients. Grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia developed in 44% of patients, and anemia developed in 56%. Nonhematologic toxicities were generally mild to moderately severe and temporary. None of the patients had cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, this therapy is effective and well tolerated for previously treated SCLC.     

A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development

Background

Few studies of the effects of postnatal depression on child development have considered the chronicity of depressive symptoms. We investigated whether early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) predicted child developmental outcome independently of later maternal depressive symptoms.

Methods

In a prospective, longitudinal study, mothers and children were followed-up from birth to 2 years; repeated measures of PNDS were made using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales II. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association between 6 week PNDS, and child development, taking subsequent depressive symptoms into account.

Results

Children of mothers with 6 week PNDS were significantly more likely than children of non-symptomatic mothers to have poor cognitive outcome; however, this association was reduced to trend level when adjusted for later maternal depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Effects of early PNDS on infant development may be partly explained by subsequent depressive symptoms.     

Hepatic drug metabolizing profile of Flinders Sensitive Line rat model of depression

The Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression exhibits some behavioral, neurochemical, and pharmacological features that have been reported in depressed patients and has been very effective in screening antidepressants. Major factor that determines the effectiveness and toxicity of a drug is the drug metabolizing capacity of the liver. Therefore, in order to discriminate possible differentiation in the hepatic drug metabolism between FSL rats and Sprague–Dawley (SD) controls, their hepatic metabolic profile was investigated in this study. The data showed decreased glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and lower expression of certain major CYP enzymes, including the CYP2B1, CYP2C11 and CYP2D1 in FSL rats compared to SD controls. In contrast, p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (PNP), 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) and 16α-testosterone hydroxylase activities were higher in FSL rats. Interestingly, the wide spread environmental pollutant benzo(α)pyrene (B(α)P) induced CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1/2 and ALDH3c at a lesser extend in FSL than in SD rats, whereas the antidepressant mirtazapine (MIRT) up-regulated CYP1A1/2, CYP2C11, CYP2D1, CYP2E1 and CYP3A1/2, mainly, in FSL rats. The drug also further increased ALDH3c whereas suppressed GSH content in B(α)P-exposed FSL rats. In conclusion, several key enzymes of the hepatic biotransformation machinery are differentially expressed in FSL than in SD rats, a condition that may influence the outcome of drug therapy. The MIRT-induced up-regulation of several drug-metabolizing enzymes indicates the critical role of antidepressant treatment that should be always taken into account in the designing of treatment and interpretation of insufficient pharmacotherapy or drug toxicity.