Recombinant α2(IV)NC1 domain of type IV collagen is an effective regulator of retinal capillary endothelial cell proliferation and inhibits pre-retinal neovascularisation

Background A recombinant form of the α2(IV)NC1 domain of type IV collagen has been shown to have potent anti-angiogenic activity although this peptide has not been studied in the context of proliferative retinopathies. In the current investigation we examined the potential for α2(IV)NC1 to regulate retinal microvascular endothelial cell function using a range of in vitro and in vivo assay systems. Materials and methods α2(IV)NC1 at concentrations between 0.1 and 1 μg/ml was added to retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) followed by assessment of cell attachment, proliferation and survival. This agent was also tested within a novel in vitro three-dimensional retinal angiogenesis assay and the number of angiogenic sprouts quantified. α2(IV)NC1 was also delivered intra-vitreally to mice with oxygen-induced proliferative retinopathy (OIR) and neovascularisation evaluated in comparison with vehicle-treated controls. Results RMECs treated with α2(IV)NC1 (0.1, 0.5 and 1 μg/ml) showed delayed attachment at 3 h post-seeding, although this deficit had been restored at the 6-h time point. BrdU assay of DNA replication revealed that confluent RMECs treated with α2(IV)NC1 showed no measurable response in comparison with vehicle-treated controls. By contrast, proliferation of sub-confluent RMECs was significantly reduced by α2(IV)NC1 at 0.5 μg/ml (P<0.01). α2(IV)NC1 also induced apoptosis in RMECs and inhibited angiogenesis of pre-existing retinal vascular networks in vitro (P<0.001). Intra-vitreal injection of α2(IV)NC1 in the OIR model significantly inhibited pre-retinal neovascularisation compared with vehicle-treated controls (P<0.001). Conclusion α2(IV)NC1 inhibits angiogenesis in the retinal microvasculature. This recombinant protein has potential for the treatment of neovascularisation in proliferative retinopathies. BioStratum Inc. did not sponsor this research in any way. None of the authors are paid consultants with this company.     

Endoscopic sealing of infected bronchus stump fistulae with fibrin following lung resections

Summary Bronchus stump insufficiency following lung resection, with an average incidence of 4%, is a serious complication which carries a mortality of up to 90%. Operative transthoracic approaches have been largely unsatisfactory because of the high operative risk and rapidly spreading infection. In an experimental study on 18 pigs, endoscopic occlusion of infected bronchus stump fistulae was achieved with fibrin sealant (1 ml, 500 units/ml thrombin, 3500 units/ml aprotinin) applied via a flexible bronchoscope. During autopsy, all bronchus stump fistulae were found to have healed after the second postoperative week. Transitory local abscesses of the pleura could be prevented by high-dose systemic antibiotic therapy for 5 postoperative days but not by antibiotics added to the fibrin sealant. This endoscopic method has already been performed successfully in 3 clinical cases; additional sclerotherapy with (2–3 ml Ethoxysclerol applied around the fistula orifice was carried out before fibrin sealing to stimulate fibrosis. Endoscopic controls demonstrated fistula closure by granulation tissue after 2 weeks. This procedure could become the method of choice for infected postoperative fistulae of the bronchus stump and should be attempted in any case before operative approaches are considered.     

颈外静脉瓣膜窦段及其临床应用

经研究表明颈外静脉的瓣膜、缩窄环、瓣膜窦及窦段静脉壁共同组成一个灵敏地、高强度地抗逆流装置。本文称之为瓣膜窦段并报道189段的尸体解剖和光镜观察结果;测定尸体、活体和手术中瓣膜窦段的抗逆流功能,表明颈外静脉适于用无瓣导管作脑积水等分流途径。初步探明颈外静脉怒张的原因和消除怒张的简便方法以及术前鉴定瓣膜窦段位置和功能的方法。对2例脑积水用无瓣导管作侧脑室颈外静脉分流取得初步疗效。     

自体脾静脉移植在门静脉和肠系膜上静脉联合切除的胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：探讨以自体脾静脉重建门静脉系统在联合PV/SMV切除的胰十二指肠切除术中临床应用的可行性。方法：回顾性分析3例胰头癌病人在胰十二指肠切除术中采用脾静脉替代门静脉系移植的应用及其效果。结果：手术均顺利,门静脉阻断时间分别为52min、38min和30min。术后B超随访无脾肿大、腹水等情况,门静脉流量均正常（分别为1450ml/min、1200ml/min和1500ml/min）,术后CTA复查显示重建的血管血流通畅,无血栓形成或狭窄,术后生活质量得到明显改善,黄疸消失,肝功能正常,均痊愈出院。结论：在联合PV/SMV切除的胰十二指肠切除术中采用自体脾静脉替代门静脉系的移植是可行的。     

大隐静脉曲张激光闭合术时高位结扎与未高位结扎的近期复发率对比研究

目的 研究大隐静脉激光闭合术时高位结扎与未高位结扎对近期复发率的影响,明确大隐静脉激光闭合术时是否有必要附加大隐静脉高位结扎术。方法 将2004年3月至2006年3月接受大隐静脉激光闭合术的215例患者随机分为两组,A组：大隐静脉高位结扎加激光闭合术,B组：单纯大隐静脉激光闭合术,比较其术后复发率及并发症的区别。结果 随访6～29个月,1例失访,无深静脉血栓及肺栓塞发生。A组复发4例,复发率3.8%,B组复发9例,复发率8.3%,两组复发病例病因均为原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全,单纯大隐静脉曲张术后无复发。经统计学分析,两组复发率无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 没有证据表明行大隐静脉激光闭合术时首先行高位结扎更有优势,未高位结扎并不增加深静脉血栓形成及肺栓塞的发生机会。     

选择性/超选择出入肝血管阻断后解剖性肝切除

目的探讨选择性/超选择性阻断出入肝血管后解剖性肝切除对肝脏疾病患者手术中失血量、术后肝功能、并发症、住院时间等相关因素的影响。方法选择/超选择出入肝血管阻断后解剖性肝切除66例,其中肝段切除22例、右半肝切除12例,左半肝切除6例,Ⅱ Ⅲ段肝切除19例,Ⅵ Ⅶ段肝切除5例,Ⅴ Ⅷ段肝切除2例。观察其对术中失血量、输血量、术后肝功能、术后并发症、术后住院时间等的影响。结果本组切除术中出血量(437±123)m l,所有病例手术中均未输血;术后患者肝功能损伤程度较轻,54例术后1周恢复至术前水平;无肝功能衰竭等相关并发症;术后平均住院时间13.1 d,无围手术期死亡。结论对于适应症明确的肝脏疾病,通过选择性或超选择性出入肝血流阻断后行肝脏解剖性切除可有效减少术中出血、降低术后相关并发症的发生。     

腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术治疗大隐静脉曲张60例

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术的疗效。方法2000年1月～2004年1月对60例66条大隐静脉曲张腹腔镜辅助下行大隐静脉隔绝术,腹腔镜辅助下高位结扎、电灼大腿段大隐静脉,阻断其小腿段所有属支及交通支,使大隐静脉与体循环隔绝。结果手术时间30～60min,(50±9)min;术后住院时间3～5d,(3.5±0.6)d。60例随访1～36个月,平均28个月,无复发。结论腹腔镜辅助下大隐静脉隔绝术创伤小,疗效好,复发率低,是治疗大隐静脉曲张的理想术式。     

尿视黄醇结合蛋白在2型糖尿病肾病早期诊断中的意义

目的　探讨检测尿视黄醇结合蛋白 (RBP)在糖尿病肾病 (DN)早期诊断中的临床意义。方法　分别对 4 2例 2型糖尿病患者及 36例健康对照者用酶联免疫法 (ELISA)测定尿RBP ,用放射免疫法测定尿α1 微球蛋白 (α1 M )、β2 微球蛋白 (β2 M)。结果　糖尿病组三种尿微量蛋白排泄量明显高于健康对照组 ,且以尿RBP敏感性最高。结论　尿RBP的检测可敏感反映早期糖尿病患者肾小管损伤。     

产褥期并发深静脉栓塞的预防和护理

探讨引发产褥期深静脉栓塞的危险因素,加强早期观察,实施有效的预防措施,以及产褥期深静脉栓塞病人的护理对策。