盆环原发恶性肿瘤的切除与生物学重建

目的:探讨骨盆环恶性肿瘤的切除、重建方式与并发症的处理 .方法:手术治疗骨盆环原发恶性或低度恶性肿瘤5例,其中骶骨恶性畸胎瘤2例、脊索瘤1例,髂骨骨肉瘤1例、恶性骨软骨瘤1例.所有患者术前未行动脉栓塞、结扎髂内血管.髂骨翼肿瘤采用自体髂骨、髋臼肿瘤采用异体骨重建骨盆环、自体股骨头重建髋臼骨床 人工全髋关节置换术.结果:5例肿瘤均行根治性切除,3例骶骨肿瘤术中出血量150～800 mL,术后出血300～1 000 mL,1例切口感染,1例术后出现失血性休克.髂骨翼肿瘤和髋臼周围肿瘤术中出血量分别为1 000 mL和4 000 mL,术后分别为800 mL和1 100 mL.髂骨肿瘤切除与重建患者2月后恢复关节功能,髋臼肿瘤切除与重建患者6月后恢复功能,4例患者术后随访4～24个月,生存良好.结论:骨盆环恶性肿瘤的外科手术治疗关键是完整的手术切除,包膜外切除可以减少出血、预防复发,影响骨盆环稳定时应考虑重建,自体、异体骨移植能够恢复髋臼周围骨量、维持骨盆环生物学稳定.     

Pediatric cranial osteoblastoma: Technical note of surgical treatment and review of the literature

Osteoblastoma of the skull is a rare entity, and they account only for 2-4% of all the cases of osteoblastoma. We perform a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature on the subject and we report a case of a 3-year-old girl presenting with a 6-month history of a supraorbital mass and exophthalmos due to an osteoblastoma of the frontal and ethmoid bones involving the orbit and anterior skull base. A 3D printed model of the patient's skull was used for the preoperative planning and reconstruction strategy. Total en-bloc resection of the tumor followed by immediate reconstruction was achieved. No recurrence was detected 3 years after the surgery. Gross total resection is strongly advised with skull osteoblastoma, especially in young age, because of the risk of the recurrence and malignant transformation. 3D printing is proven to be a valuable tool to enhance surgical performance by avoiding complications while achieving total resection with accurate reconstruction. Long-term follow-up is important to detect recurrences and improve the management of these young patients.     

Treatment of spinal cord compression caused by C2 osteochondroma with reconstruction and fusion after total resection: Case report and literature review

Context: Osteochondroma is the most common benign tumor of the bone, but spinal osteochondroma is rare. We report a case of cervical osteochondroma in multiple exostoses arising from the lamina of the C2 vertebra, presenting with features of compressive myelopathy in a 22-year-old male. Total resection of the tumor and atlantoaxial fixation and fusion after reconstruction of the C1 posterior arch were performed.Findings: The patient recovered significantly. He was asymptomatic and no sign of recurrence was observed after one-year follow-up.Conclusions: Osteochondroma should be considered as a rare cause of spinal cord compression. Entire removal of the tumor will result in complete decompression and can reduce the risk of recurrence. We provide a new approach to reconstruct after resection.