电针对盐酸帕罗西汀治疗轻中度抑郁症患者增效减毒作用的临床研究

目的 观察电针对盐酸帕罗西汀治疗轻、中度抑郁症患者的临床疗效及药物不良反应的影响.方法 将55例轻、中度抑郁症患者随机分为A组(盐酸帕罗西汀对照组)29例,B组(电针+盐酸帕罗西汀组)26例,疗程6周.观察治疗前及治疗1,2,4,6周后汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抗抑郁药副反应量表(SERS)总评分变化情况.结果 HAMD评分显示,A组治疗2周后,B组治疗1周后,同组与治疗前比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),治疗2周后2组间HAMD评分比较有显著性意义.A组总有效率71.4%,B组88.0%,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05).SERS评分B组在治疗4周后与治疗前比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),治疗6周后有极显著性意义(P<0.01).结论 电针能够增强盐酸帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效且显著降低药物引起的不良反应.     

对中医量表制定的几点认识

从临床和科研工作实际出发,制定适合中医药自身理论特色和发展需要的中医量表势在必行.文章从注重中医基础理论的系统性指导、中医临床的指导作用、专科疾病的特点、患者的自身评价以及中医术语的规范运用等5个方面,探讨了中医量表制定工作中面临和应予以重视的一些问题以及中医量表规范化过程中保持自身特点和优热的必要性.     

SF36-Ⅱ在血液透析患者中信度、效度、敏感度的评价

[目的]应用修订后的第2版简明健康状况调查表（SF36-Ⅱ）对血液透析患者进行信度、效度、敏感度的初步研究。[方法]根据纳入标准,选取开滦医院透析中心的70例血液透析患者,对其进行信度、效度、敏感度检验。信度检验用相关系数r值和Cronbach’sα系数来评价。采用多元统计的因子分析方法考核量表的结构效度;以WHOQOL-BREF量表为效标,应用相关系数分析量表的效标效度。各领域敏感度通过t检验来评估。[结果]SF36-Ⅱ有良好的信度,各维度的重测信度和评定者间信度均在0.91～1.00之间;分半信度为0.97;内部一致性信度的Cron-bach’sα系数均在0.75以上。量表有较好的结构效度;分析被测量表与效标量表间相关系数为0.70～0.82,效标效度良好。除了GH、MH外,大多数领域均显示出了良好的敏感性。[结论]SF36-Ⅱ在血液透析患者中具有良好的信度、效度、敏感度,适用于血液透析患者生存质量的测量。     

天平的示值变动性及调整

本文列举了多种引起天平示值变动的原因，并介绍了消除这些原因的方法。     

Therapy of chronic wounds with water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA)

The central portion of chronic wounds is often hypoxic and relatively hypothermic, representing a deficient energy supply of the tissue, which impedes wound healing or even makes it impossible. Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) is a special form of heat radiation with a high tissue penetration and a low thermal load to the skin surface. wIRA produces a therapeutically usable field of heat and increases temperature, oxygen partial pressure and perfusion of the tissue. These three factors are decisive for a sufficient tissue supply with energy and oxygen and consequently as well for wound healing, especially in chronic wounds, and infection defense. wIRA acts both by thermal and thermic as well as by non-thermal and non-thermic effects. wIRA can advance wound healing or improve an impaired wound healing process and can especially enable wound healing in non-healing chronic wounds. wIRA can considerably alleviate the pain and diminish wound exudation and inflammation and can show positive immunomodulatory effects.In a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 40 patients with chronic venous stasis ulcers of the lower legs irradiation with wIRA and visible light (VIS) accelerated the wound healing process (on average 18 vs. 42 days until complete wound closure, residual ulcer area after 42 days 0.4 cm² vs. 2.8 cm²) and led to a reduction of the required dose of pain medication in comparison to the control group of patients treated with the same standard care (wound cleansing, wound dressing with antibacterial gauze, and compression garment therapy) without the concomitant irradiation. Another prospective study of 10 patients with non-healing chronic venous stasis ulcers of the lower legs included extensive thermographic investigation. Therapy with wIRA(+VIS) resulted in a complete or almost complete wound healing in 7 patients and a marked reduction of the ulcer size in another 2 of the 10 patients, a clear reduction of pain and required dose of pain medication, and a normalization of the thermographic image. In a current prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study patients with non-healing chronic venous stasis ulcers of the lower legs are treated with compression garment therapy, wound cleansing, wound dressings and 30 minutes irradiation five times per week over 9 weeks. A preliminary analysis of the first 23 patients of this study has shown in the group with wIRA(+VIS) compared to a control group with VIS an advanced wound healing, an improved granulation and in the later phase of treatment a decrease of the bacterial burden. Some case reports have demonstrated that wIRA can also be used for mixed arterial-venous ulcers or arterial ulcers, if irradiation intensity is chosen appropriately low and if irradiation is monitored carefully. wIRA can be used concerning decubital ulcers both in a preventive and in a therapeutic indication. wIRA can improve the resorption of topically applied substances also on wounds. An irradiation with VIS and wIRA presumably acts with endogenous protoporphyrin IX (or protoporphyrin IX of bacteria) virtually similar as a mild photodynamic therapy (endogenous PDT-like effect). This could lead to improved cell regeneration and wound healing and to antibacterial effects. In conclusion, these results indicate that wIRA generally should be considered for the treatment of chronic wounds.     

血液透析患者生活质量SF-36量表调查及相关影响因素分析

目的 测评血液透析(HD)患者的生活质量,分析其影响因素,为提高患者生活质量提供临床依据.方法 选择维持性血液透析3个月以上的血液透析患者165例,用SF-36量表对患者进行自评量表式调查,测算血液透析患者生活质量得分,作单因素分析及多元线性逐步回归分析.结果 血液透析患者SF-36量表8个维度的得分分别为:58.48±20.05,38.64±21.84,64.62±27.54,48.48±18.29,56.82±21.59,68.69±15.74,54.88±15.19,65.09±20.24.影响血液透析患者生理健康总分的变量为性别、SGA评分、心脏疾病、血浆白蛋白(P＜0.05).影响精神健康总分的变量为SGA评分、性别、血红蛋白水平(P＜0.05).结论 ①血液透析男性患者生活质量优于女性患者.②营养状态好的患者生活质量优于营养状态差的患者.③并发症影响血液透析患者的生活质量.     

Affective (depressive) morbidity in puerperal Nigerian women: validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale

OBJECTIVE: To determine the rate of depression in a group of postpartum Nigerian women and to validate the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in this group. METHOD: Between April and August 2000, all postpartum women who remained in the maternity ward for up to 7 days, and those who attended the postnatal clinics of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital were recruited. Translated local language versions of the EPDS and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to screen the subjects. A structured interview schedule was adapted from the depression section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and affective module of the ICD-10 Symptom Check List to assess screened subjects. RESULTS: The total rejection rate was 23%, with 225 women participating in the study. Twenty-four subjects (10.7%) had depression. At the optimal cut-off score of 9, the EPDS had a sensitivity of 0.75, and specificity of 0.97. CONCLUSION: The EPDS clearly distinguished between depressed and non-depressed postpartum mothers (t = 7.63, P < 0.001, df = 222). Because of its brevity and acceptability, it is recommended that the EPDS be used in routine postnatal screening.     

Comparison between impairment and disability scales in immune-mediated polyneuropathies

The ability of a scale to detect clinical relevant changes over time, i.e., its "responsiveness," may help clinicians to choose among valid and reliable measures. Therefore, we investigated the responsiveness' rank ordering (best to worse) of six selected valid and reliable scales, namely the Medical Research Council (MRC)-sumscore, sensory-sumscore, grip-strength (Vigorimeter), nine-hole peg, ten-meters walking, and a disability-sumscore, in immune-mediated polyneuropathies. Patients with newly diagnosed Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 7) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 13) were examined over 52 weeks. Responsiveness of each scale was measured using different methods (effect-size, standardized response mean score, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank, and a newly devised Schmitz's distribution-free responsiveness score), and the obtained scores in each method were plotted against the follow-up period, thus allowing area-under-the-curve calculations (higher area-under-the-curve indicating better responsiveness). Also, longitudinal correlations were performed between the scales' values and patients' own clinical judgments (deteriorated, unchanged, improved) (higher correlation = better responsiveness). A consistent rank ordering was observed in each technique with the disability-sumscore, MRC-sumscore, and Vigorimeter being among the best responsive scales. Hence, the primary use of these measures is suggested in studies of immune-mediated polyneuropathies.     

Double-peaked time distribution of mortality for breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy

Purpose. To gather information on the natural history of breast cancer from the time-distribution of deaths of patients undergoing mastectomy alone. Patients and methods. A total of 1173 patients, who entered controlled clinical trials carried out at the Milan Cancer Institute and underwent radical or modified radical mastectomy without any adjuvant therapy for operable breast cancer, were examined. The risk of death at a given time after surgery was studied utilizing the death-specific hazard rate. The risk distribution was assessed relative to tumor size, axillary lymph node involvement, and menopausal status. Results. The hazard rate for death presented an early peak at about the 3rd–4th year after surgery and a second late peak near the 8th year. The double-peaked pattern was almost completely generated by N+ patients, while N– patients did not show relevant structures. Pre-menopausal patients showed an initial mortality wave covering about 6 years, with maximum height at the 4th year, followed by a peak 8 years after surgery, while post-menopausal patients showed an early high mortality surge peaking at the 3rd year, followed by a modest increase at the 8th year. Detailed analysis revealed that post-menopausal patients with early mortality had significantly larger tumors and higher nodal involvement, while no special trait characterized the corresponding pre-menopausal patients. Moreover, patients of the late mortality peak were more likely to have suffered early local-regional or contra-lateral recurrence or to be pre-menopausal patients recurring anywhere at the second recurrence peak. Conclusion. The double-peaked hazard curve confirmed the occurrence of discontinuous features in the natural history of breast cancer for patients undergoing mastectomy. Indeed, the mortality pattern maintained definite signs of the previous double-peaked structure of recurrences. However, death events did not parallel the corresponding recurrence events and, moreover, pre and post-menopausal patients revealed dissimilar survival after recurrence, at least for early deaths. These findings, showing disconnection of mortality pattern from recurrence pattern for subsets of patients, suggest that parameters other than those influencing the recurrence risk may determine the survival of recurred patients.     

Beyond Components: Using Fidelity Scales to Measure and Assure Choice in Program Implementation and Quality Assurance

Fidelity scales have become an accepted part of intervention research. Initially, fidelity scales focused on critical components of an intervention. In this paper we argue that the next generation of fidelity scales should include key process variables such as choice. Since choice is an essential element in all empowerment and recovery driven intervention models, a fidelity scale for an enhanced version of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) supported employment model that incorporates choice as a fundamental component was developed as part of a SAMHSA community action grant. The process for developing the choice component and the dimensions measured are also described.