磁共振成像对脑静脉畸形的诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像各种方法对脑静脉畸形的诊断价值。方法 收集本院6例脑静脉畸形病例，均进行过磁共振T1WI、T2WI扫描，其中部分病例做过DWI、T2FLAIR、MRA、MRV、T1WI增强扫描及DSA。结果 幕上4例，幕下2例，T1WI、T2WI表现：引流静脉均为流空的低信号，深髓静脉为细条状长T1、长T2信号。其中1例DWI引流静脉及深髓静脉区域低信号；1例T2 FLAIR引流静脉流空的低信号，深髓静脉高信号；2例MRA均阴性，但MRV显示深髓静脉汇入引流静脉；2例T1 WI增强扫描：深髓静脉呈轮辐状汇入引流静脉；1例DSA：动脉期阴性，静脉期见典型的“海蛇头”征。结论 磁共振能明确诊断脑静脉畸形，T1WI增强扫描及MRV均较敏感，DSA为诊断脑静脉畸形金标准。     

A case of scirrhous gastric cancer with peritonitis carcinomatosa controlled by TS-1(R) + paclitaxel for 36 mo after diagnosis

A 34-year-old female complaining of abdominal fullness was diagnosed as scirrhous gastric cancer (type 4')with peritonitis carcinomatosa in July 2002. A combined chemotherapy regimen was selected to control massive ascites; TS-1(R) 80 mg/m2 was given orally on d 1-14,22-35, and paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 was administered intravenously on d 1, 8, 22 and 29. After 2 courses of this regimen, the primary tumor was markedly reduced,and ascites completely vanished. Alopecia (grade 1,since d 30), leukocytopenia (grade 2, on d 34) and anemia (grade 2, on d 34) were the only adverse events throughout the following courses. The chemotherapy was effective for 28 mo, and then it was discontinued upon the patient's own request, and she survived for 36mo after diagnosis.     

Pharmacologic preconditioning effects: Prostaglandin E1 induces heat-shock proteins immediately after ischemia/reperfusion of the mouse liver

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has several potential therapeutic effects, including cytoprotection, vasodilation, and inhibition of platelet aggregation. This study investigates the protective action of PGE1 against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo using a complementary DNA microarray. PGE1 or saline was continuously administered intravenously to mice in which the left lobe of the liver was made ischemic for 30 minutes and then reperfused. Livers were harvested 0, 10, and 30 minutes postreperfusion. Messenger RNA was extracted, and the samples were labeled with two different fluorescent dyes and hybridized to the RIKEN set of 18,816 full-length enriched mouse complementary DNA microarrays. Serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels at 180 minutes postreperfusion were significantly lower in the PGE1-treated group than in the saline-treated group. The cDNA microarray analysis revealed that the genes encoding heat-shock protein (HSP) 70, glucose-regulated protein 78, HSP86, and glutathione S-transferase were upregulated at the end of the ischemic period (0 minutes postreperfusion) in the PGE1 group. Our results suggested that PGE1 induces HSPs immediately after ischemia reperfusion. HSPs might therefore play an important role in the protective effects of PGE1 against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver.     

用SYBR Green I实时逆转录-聚合酶链反应定量检测人、小鼠精子中CatSper1 mRNA

目的:建立并优化SYBR GreenI实时RT-PCR体系,定量检测人、小鼠成熟精子中的CatSper1 mRNA。方法:用TRIzol分别提取人、小鼠成熟精子中的总RNA,逆转录后用SYBR GreenI实时PCR定量检测CatSper1 mRNA。SYBR GreenI实时PCR采用普通PCR试剂,加入SYBR GreenI染料,优化退火温度、Mg2+浓度及上、下游引物比例,并在PCR循环时采用四步法以消除引物二聚体的影响。优化完成后用不同浓度的精子cDNA为模板做标准曲线,以检测SYBR GreenI实时PCR的扩增效率。结果:定量检测CatSper1 mRNA的SYBR GreenI实时PCR体系适宜退火温度、Mg2+浓度及上、下游引物比例分别为63℃、3.0mmol/L和1∶1,四步法中采集荧光的温度为88℃。优化后用人和小鼠精子cDNA为模板做标准曲线分别为Y=-3.402log(X)+25.99和Y=-3.409log(X)+24.09,扩增效率分别为96.8%和96.5%,可定量检测人、小鼠成熟精子中的CatSper1 mRNA。结论:用普通的逆转录及PCR系统和试剂,建立了一种方便、廉价、可靠的SYBR GreenI实时荧光定量RT-PCR系统,可用于人、小鼠精子中CatSper1 mRNA定量检测。     

CCL3L1融合蛋白的表达纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的 表达和纯化CCL3L1融合蛋白,并对其免疫原性进行分析.方法 应用分子生物学技术将pGEX-4T-1-CCL3L1质粒进行酶切,收集CCL3L1片段与pET-32a(+)表达载体连接,构建pET-32a(+)-CCL3L1重组质粒,将其转化BL-21大肠埃希菌进行蛋白表达并纯化.应用酶切鉴定、SDS-PAGE及Western blot等方法确保基因片段的正确性及表达蛋白的特异性.以间接ELISA法测定BABL/c小鼠多克隆抗体滴度.结果 成功获得了高纯度的CCL3L1融合蛋白,且该蛋白为可溶性表达,以其制备的多克隆抗体滴度最高可达1:51 200.结论 获得高纯度可溶性表达的CCL3L1融合蛋白及其高效价的多克隆抗体.     

Development and results of the Spanish registry of patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

The Spanish registry of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency was founded in 1993 and became a member of the International Registry (AIR) in 1999. We describe the updating process following its incorporation into AIR and compare the data collected in the first period (1993–1999) and the second period (1999–2005), during which time patients were included exclusively by internet.The registry included 301 patients during period 1, 69% males and 46% had a history of smoking. Their mean age was 46 years (SD = 13) and 284 (94%) had the ZZ phenotype, 49% received augmentation therapy. During period 2, 161 new cases were included, 63% of whom were males with a mean age of 44 years (SD = 16). A total of 126 (78%) had the ZZ phenotype. Only 12% received augmentation therapy. A total of 462 different patients were included in both periods. Significant differences were observed in the number of cases with the SZ phenotype and the severity of FEV₁ impairment between the two periods.Implementation of an internet-based collection of data did not result in a lower rate of reporting to the registry. However, data from a significant number of patient included in period 1 could not be actualized in the new data base.     

Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in islet transplant candidates with severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic lability: previously undiagnosed coeliac and autoimmune thyroid disease is identified by screening.

AIMS: Autoimmune diseases such as Addison's or coeliac disease can contribute to hypoglycaemia or malabsorption and are more common in Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). This brief report describes the prevalence of known and newly detected autoimmune disease in clinical islet transplant candidates with longstanding T1DM and severe hypoglycaemia and/or glycaemic lability who are routinely screened for coexisting autoimmune disease. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four C-peptide negative T1DM subjects [77 (62%) female, mean age 44 +/- 9 years, diabetes duration 28 +/- 11 years, body mass index 24.9 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2)] with indications for clinical islet transplantation at the University of Alberta were screened for autoimmune disease by history and measurement of anti-transglutaminase antibodies (positive > 10 U/ml), 09.00 h cortisol (followed by adrenocorticotrophic hormone-stimulation if < 495 nmol/l) and thyroid-stimulating hormone to determine the prevalence of coeliac disease, Addison's disease and autoimmune thyroid disease, respectively. RESULTS: Forty per cent of subjects had one or more coexisting autoimmune disease. The prevalence of autoimmune disease was 35%, coeliac disease 8% and Addison's disease 1.6%. In 11 individuals (9%), one or more autoimmune disease were newly detected (seven coeliac disease and five thyroid disease). Seven of 10 cases of coeliac disease were newly detected. A gluten-free diet in individuals with newly diagnosed coeliac disease reduced gastrointestinal symptoms, but indications for clinical islet cell transplantation persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Coexisting autoimmune disease is common in candidates for clinical islet cell transplantation. Screening in this group identified a substantial number of previously unrecognized cases. Clinicians should consider the presence of autoimmune disease even in the absence of classical symptoms.     

葡萄糖转运蛋白1在胃癌组织及转移淋巴结中的表达及其与预后的关系

目的 研究葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)在胃癌组织及转移淋巴结中的表达特点,探讨其与肿瘤生物学特征和患者预后之间的关系.方法 采用免疫组织化学方法对79例胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃组织GLUT1表达特征进行分析,并分析其预后与GLUT1表达的关系.结果 高、中、低分化腺癌患者GLUT1表达阳性率分别为56.5%、33.3%和36.0%;黏液腺癌和印戒细胞癌GLUT1表达阳性率分别为1/6和7.7%(1/13).GLUT1表达阳性率与肿瘤最大直径(P<0.01)、有无淋巴结转移(P=0.032)和胃癌临床分期(P=0.007)等因素相关.转移淋巴结GLUT1阳性表达率为12.6%.GLUT1阳性组和阴性组1年生存率分别为64.3%和90.2%(P=0.035).结论 GLUT1表达与胃癌的侵袭性指标相关,可能是胃癌预后不良的一个标志.     

保罗样激酶基因沉默体外抑制胶质瘤细胞侵袭与生长

目的观察保罗样激酶1基因(plk1)沉默对胶质瘤细胞株-H4体外生长的抑制作用,探讨plk1基因作为胶质瘤治疗靶点的可行性。方法化学合成小片断干扰RNA(siRNA)抑制plk1基因的表达,Western blot检测plk1蛋白质的表达变化,流式细胞仪检测H4细胞周期分布及凋亡程度的变化,体外侵袭实验检测H4细胞侵袭能力的变化,MTT法检测H4细胞增殖速度的变化。结果经siRNA作用48h后,plk1蛋白质水平明显降低;较多的H4细胞聚集于G2/M期附近(P<0.05);细胞凋亡明显上升(P<0.05);细胞体外侵袭能力下降(P<0.05);增殖速度明显缓于对照组(P< 0.05)。结论靶向plk1的siRNA可在体外抑制胶质瘤细胞H4的侵袭与增殖,plk1有可能成为新的潜在胶质瘤治疗靶点。     

小肠吸收胆固醇的分子生物学研究进展

胆固醇通过分布于十二指肠和近段空肠黏膜上皮细胞刷状缘膜的Niemann—Pick C1样蛋白1摄取，ATP结合盒G5、G8抑制小肠对胆固醇的摄取过程。进入上皮细胞的胆固醇大多数被乙酰辅酶A，胆固醇转乙酰基酶2酯化，随后通过组装形成乳糜微粒，经淋巴管进入血循环；另一部分胆固醇则以未酯化形式直接进入血循环形成高密度脂蛋白颗粒。这些过程受核受体——肝脏X受体的调控。年龄、性别、黏膜屏障和小肠传输速度也影响胆固醇的吸收。