采用抗生素V号培养基测定硫酸粘菌素效价的研究

目的研究采用抗生素V号培养基测定硫酸粘菌素效价的方法.方法本文采用抗生素V号为培养基,PH为7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液为稀释液.结果其抑菌圈清晰,直径大小符合《中国药典》要求.结论采用抗生素V号培养基测定硫酸粘菌素效价的方法可靠.     

流感病毒在不同细胞中适宜培养条件的研究

目的 探索流感病毒在细胞中培养的适宜条件.方法 采用MEK细胞、FRhK-4细胞、MDCK细胞分别接种甲型流感病毒H1N1型、H3N2型和乙型流感病毒疫苗毒株,观察3种毒株在不同培养条件下的细胞病变、血凝滴度.结果 3株流感病毒接种细胞在33℃培养72 h后出现拉网、圆缩、脱落等现象;FRhK-4细胞和MDCK细胞对流感病毒较敏感.胞龄为48 h的细胞,在NaHCO3的终浓度为1.4%o,TPCK-胰酶浓度为1.0μg/ml的病毒维持液培养流感病毒为最适条件.结论 寻找到了细胞流感病毒的适宜条件.     

3种试剂检测梅毒抗体结果比较

梅毒是由苍白螺旋体引起的一种慢性传染病。近年来，梅毒发病率有逐年上升趋势。因此研制快速、简便、灵敏且特异的诊断方法成为当前的主要研究课题。梅毒螺旋体感染机体后可产生两种抗体，一种是抗心磷脂抗体，即非特异性抗体，也称反应素，主要检测方法有性病研究室玻片试验（VDRL）和血浆反应素环状卡片试验（RPR）等，这种抗体滴度与梅毒活动有关，临床上主要用于观察疗效，复发及再感染。另一种梅毒螺旋体抗体，即特异性抗体，主要有IgM和IgG。IgM抗体有助早期诊断和判断疗效；IgG抗体出现较晚，即使患者经足够的抗梅毒治疗，血清反应仍保持阳性。主要检测方法有荧光螺旋抗体吸收试验（FTA—ABS）及梅毒螺旋体血凝试验（TPHA）等，用于梅毒的确认试验。上述方法有的受试验条件限制，有的操作复杂，实际推广较为困难。笔者采用酶免双抗原夹心法检测梅毒螺旋体抗体，旨在寻求一种快速、简便、灵敏，可用于诊断早期梅毒感染的检测方法。     

梅毒螺旋体抗体的4种血清学检测方法的应用评价

目的：评价酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、梅毒螺旋体抗体胶体金试验、快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）和梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）对梅毒病人诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法：同时用ELISA、胶体金试验、RPR试剂和TPPA对1136例住院及门诊病人血清进行检测，TPPA试验作为确认试验，从而得出其他3种方法的敏感性和特异性。结果：ELISA法的阳性率97．61％（82／84），假阳性率0．28％（3／1052）；金标法阳性率82．14％（69／84），假阳性率5．32％（56／1052）；RPR法阳性率73．8％（62／84），假阳性率0．38％（4／1052）；3种方法即ELISA、金标法、RPR法均阳性为60例，检出率为71．43％（60／84），假阳性率为0．09（1／1052）。在用TPPA方法确认为梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性的血清标本中，金标法和RPR法在弱阳性标本（S／CO值为1～5）的阳性检出率明显低于S／CO值〉5的阳性标本。结论：TP-ELISA法是一种高特异性、高敏感性的梅毒血清学诊断检测方法，TP-ELISA与TPPA相关性良好，可作为确证试验。后两种试验假阴性和假阳性较多，只能作为辅助试验，如果多种方法结合使用，可使假阳性率下降。     

BioVue微柱凝胶法检测孕妇产前抗体效价分析

目的观察BioVue微柱凝胶法检查0型孕妇血清中IgG抗A（B）血型抗体效价的灵敏度和特异性。方法对216例0型血型孕妇先后采用微柱凝胶法和传统试管法测定孕妇血液的IgG抗体效价。结果采用凝胶法，216例孕妇中155例（71．8％）IgG抗A（B）效价≥64，62例（28．7％）≥128，8例（3．7％）≥256。传统试管法仅69例（32％）IgG抗A（B）效价≥64，22例（10％）抗体效价≥128，3例（1．4％）≥256。微柱凝胶法检测孕妇产前抗体效价显示IgG抗A明显高于IgG抗B，两者结果差异有统计学意义（t=2．76，P％0．05）。结论BioVue微柱凝胶法检测孕妇产前抗体效价快速、简单、准确，比试管法检测凝集强度高＋～＋＋，灵敏度和特异性优于传统试管法。     

Rapid determination of anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody titers in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

PURPOSE: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is mediated by antibodies directed against the heparin-platelet factor 4 (heparin/PF4) complex. Our aim was to investigate whether rapid measurement of anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies could improve the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. METHODS: We examined 148 consecutive patients in our laboratory between January 1995 and June 2001 for suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Clinical data allowed retrospective assessment of the likelihood of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Antibodies against the heparin/PF4 complex were detected by a rapid particle gel immunoassay. RESULTS: Anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies were detected in 69 (47%) of the 148 patients, at dilution titers from 1 to 256. Clinically "likely" or "very likely" heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was significantly more common in patients with titers >or=4 (95% [39/41]) than in those with undetectable antibodies (13% [9/70]; P <0.0001), a titer of 1 (18% [4/22]; P <0.0001), or a titer of 2 (33% [2/6]; P = 0.001). All 19 samples with a positive platelet aggregation test had anti-heparin/PF4 antibody titers of at least 4, including 15 samples with titers >or=32. Thromboembolic complications in heparin-treated patients were significantly more prevalent in patients with titers >or=4 (63% [26/41]) than in those with undetectable antibodies (8% [6/79]; P <0.0001) or a titer of 1 (9% [2/22]; P <0.0001). Of the 11 patients with a titer of 1 who were maintained on heparin, none developed worse thrombocytopenia or thromboembolic complications. CONCLUSION: Anti-heparin/PF4 antibody titers, which can be measured rapidly and reproducibly using a particle gel immunoassay, can be used as a confirmatory test to complement a clinical likelihood score among patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.     

Henoch-Schönlein purpura with hypocomplementemia in children

BACKGROUND: The clinical course and prognosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) associated with hypocomplementemia are not clear. METHODS: The clinical findings of 10 children with HSP and hypocomplementemia were studied. RESULTS: Purpuric rash in all patients, abdominal pain in five, and arthralgia in nine were noted. The findings in HSP were not different from others with HSP. In eight patients, infection preceded hypocomplementemia. Serum levels of CH50, C3 or C4 were depressed variously. Complement levels returned to normal within 5 weeks in all patients. Antistreptolysin-O (ASO) titer was elevated in all patients and nephritis occurred in eight patients. Six patients had generalized edema and hypertension. Macroscopic hematuria occurred in two patients and heavy proteinuria in five patients. One patient was diagnosed as having poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) combined with HSP nephritis according to renal biopsy findings. In three of eight patients with nephritis, abnormal urinary findings continued for more than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Hypocomplementemia in children with HSP was transient and was not related to severity of HSP. Incidences of elevated ASO titer and nephritis were high. The nephritis resembled PSAGN during the acute stage and long-term clinical courses varied. These findings suggest PSAGN may be associated with HSP nephritis.     

重组腺病毒TGF-β的扩增及病毒滴度检测

目的：探讨高效扩增腺病毒载体的方法。方法：用人胚胎肾细胞株扩增重组腺病毒，并测定病毒滴度。结果：扩增病毒滴度约为5×10^8pfu／mL。结论：用人胚胎肾293细胞株扩增重组腺病毒，在不进行任何浓缩时可达到较高病毒滴度，为腺病毒介导的基因转载提供了有效途径。     

破伤风抗毒素在不同温度条件下的抗体效价稳定性

目的 考察液体破伤风抗毒素在不同温度保存条件下抗体效价的变化.方法 对2～8℃条件下保存5年的液体破伤风抗毒素制品进行全面检测,检测保存前和保存后的抗体效价、蛋白质含量、pH、热原、NaCl含量、抗体F(ab')2片段含量、无菌检查、外观、异常毒性等质量指标;将保存5年后的液体破伤风抗毒素制品分别在25℃和37℃条件下进行加速破坏试验,于不同时间进行小鼠中和效力试验.结果 破伤风抗毒素液体制品在2～8℃条件下保存5年各项质量指标均保持稳定;保存5年后的液体破伤风抗毒素再在25℃条件下保存24周抗体效价损失4.37%,37℃条件下保存8周和24周抗体效价分别损失7.86%和13.97%.结论 在2～8℃条件下保存5年的液体破伤风抗毒素制品的抗体效价仍保持良好的稳定性,但是随着保存温度的提高,抗体效价下降有加速的趋势.     

RPR和TPPA在梅毒血清学试验中的比较研究

目的 比较RPR和TPPA两种检测方法在梅毒血清学试验中的价值。方法 将一期梅毒、二期梅毒、潜伏梅毒及梅毒治愈后的患者的血清分别通过RPR和TPPA两种方法进行检测。结果 潜伏期梅毒及梅毒治愈后患者的血清PRP和TPPA两种方法检测结果存在差异，且在RPR试验中出现2例前带现象。结论 RPR和TPPA敏感性较一致，在不同阶段的特异性存在差异，RPR应作为初筛试验的检测方法，TPPA应用于确诊试验，且应注意在RPR检测过程中出现前带现象。