奇异变形杆菌、洛菲氏不动杆菌16s rRNA 3'-23s rRNA 5'间序列的克隆及测序

目的：对奇异变形杆菌、洛菲氏不动杆菌16s rRNA3’～23s rRNA 5’间序列（16S～23S rRNA intergenic spacer region，ISR）进行克隆测序，为分子探针技术鉴定两菌奠定基础。方法：针对临床常见致病菌16s rRNA3’～23s rRNA5’间序列两端的16S及23SrRNA保守序列设计PCR扩增的通用引物，对两菌进行扩增，利用PMD-18 T Vector质粒对两菌的PCR产物进行T载体克隆构建，测序后申报Genbank。结果：两菌的通用引物扩增产物构建的T载体克隆，测序结果经Blast分析，确定为两菌的ISR序列，申报Genbank获得接收。结论：成功的对奇异变形杆菌、洛菲氏不动杆菌ISR序列进行了克隆测序，该序列可以用于两种菌的通用引物PCR扩增技术鉴定。     

Bone malformations in Proteus syndrome: an analysis of bone structural changes and their evolution during growth

The radiographic follow-up of a patient with Proteus syndrome is presented. Review of radiographs obtained at 3 years 10 months, 10 years, and 17 years 8 months indicated that the rate of growth in length of the oversized tubular bones of the hands was similar to that of the normal bones of the same hand. This observation supports the view that the primary lesion occurs in the early embryonic period, when the limb bud mesenchyme cells condense and cartilage differentiates producing oversized cartilage anlages, rather than being a defect of bone cell-mediated apposition and modelling processes of bone. Additional radiographs of the pelvis and spine were obtained at age 4 years 10 months and head CT at 8 years 10 months. This pathogenetic mechanism fits well with the hypothesis of somatic mosaicism, which is at present the most credible explanation for the aetiology of Proteus syndrome. Other skeletal malformations recognized as typical of the syndrome can be interpreted as secondary adaptations to the altered mechanical conditions induced by overgrowth of bones.     

Hemihyperplasia syndromes

Obective Hemihyperplasia is a heterogenous group of disorders characterized by asymmetric limb growth. There is considerable confusion regarding their classification and ascertainment into various syndromes. We tried to look into the various aspects of hemihyperplasia syndromes. Methods Records of 17 consecutive cases of hemihyperplasia were reviewed and were ascertained into various syndromes based on available literature and diagnostic criteria. Results Of the 17 cases with hemihyperplasia, 3 cases satisfied the diagnostic criteria for Proteus syndrome. One patient each was ascertained as Klippel Trenaunay Weber syndrome and Hemihyperplasia- Multiple lipomatosis. 9. cases were classified as isolated hemihyperplasia. We found two novel associations with hemihyperplasia; namely Ehlers-Danlos syndrome like skin changes and Poland anomaly on the affected side. The remaining 3 cases had miscellaneous disorders with limb asymmetry, namely Neurofibromatosis Type I in 2 cases and Olliers disease in one case. Conclusion Efforts to diagnose syndromes of hemihyperplasia help in genetic counseling.     

Comparative outcomes of the pathogen in cultured Jones tubes used in lacrimal bypass surgery according to follow up periods

AIM: To evaluate the pathogens in cultured Jones tubes used in lacrimal bypass surgery according to the postoperative periods and to obtain data for the prevention of infection of functional lacrimal stent invention. METHODS: Totally 71 patients (81 eyes) who underwent the removal of Jones tubes were enrolled in study. All the removed Jones tubes were cultured for bacterial and fungal identification and tested for bacterial antibiotic sensitivity. The results were analyzed according to the duration of the inserted Jones tube after lacrimal bypass surgery. RESULTS: Of the 81 eyes, bacteria were isolated from 69 eyes (85.2%) and fungi from 6 eyes (7.4%). Among 69 eyes, 40.6% showed Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), 11.6% were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Gram-positive bacteria were isolated more than Gram-negative bacteria, but Gram-negative bacteria showed a higher incidence in the Jones tube implanted for over 10y (P=0.035). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that 46.4% of S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin. In terms of antibiotics commonly used in ocular clinical practice, vancomycin was sensitive to S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), amikacin responded to P. aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis). Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) was all sensitive to S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis except P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSION: S. aureus is the most commonly found organism in the Jones tube after lacrimal bypass surgery, and 46.4% of them are methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), sensitive to vancomycin. Especially, P. mirabilis responded with amikacin is dominantly detected in the Jones tubes implanted for more than 10y.     

Significance and roles of synonymous codon usage in the evolutionary process of Proteus

Proteus spp. bacteria frequently serve as opportunistic pathogens that can infect many animals and show positive survival and existence in various natural environments. The evolutionary pattern of Proteus spp. is an unknown topic, which benefits understanding the different evolutionary dynamics for excellent bacterial adaptation to various environments. Here, the eight whole genomes of different Proteus species were analyzed for the interplay between nucleotide usage and synonymous codon usage. Although the orthologous average nucleotide identity and average nucleotide identity display the genetic diversity of these Proteus species at the genome level, the principal component analysis further shows that these species sustain the specific genetic niche at the aspect of synonymous codon usage patterns. Interestingly, although these Proteus species have A/T rich genes with underrepresented G (guanine) or C (cytosine) at the third codon positions and overrepresented A or T at these positions, some synonymous codons with A or T end are obviously suppressed in usage. The overall codon usage pattern reflected by the effective number of codons (ENC) has a significantly positive correlation with GC3 content (GC content at the third codon position), and ENC has a significantly negative correlation with the adaptation index for these species. These results suggest that the mutation pressure caused by nucleotide composition constraint serves as a dominant evolutionary dynamic driving evolutionary trend of Proteus spp., along with other selections related to natural selection, replication and fine-tune translation, and so on. Taken together, the analyses help to understand the evolutionary interplay between nucleotide and codon usage at the gene level of Proteus.     

Antibiotic sensitivity and proticine typing of Proteus mirabilis strains associated with rheumatoid arthritis

Urinary isolates of Proteus mirabilis, obtained from 49 RA patients and 44 healthy controls, were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. In addition, P. mirabilis isolates were also tested for proticine production and sensitivity (p/s) typing by the inhibition of growth of each test isolate against 13 reference strains of P. mirabilis. The P. mirabilis isolates from both RA patients and healthy controls were highly susceptible to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim, but less to minocycline. The urine of RA patients contained fewer different types of P. mirabilis strains than those isolated from healthy controls. All of the strains found in the RA patients were proticine producers (P<0.001), mostly of proticine 3 (P<0.005). The presence of such strains provides evidence of a sub-clinical upper urinary tract infection with P. mirabilis in some RA patients. Therapeutic intervention in RA with relevant antibiotics requires evaluation. Received: 26 September 1997 / Accepted: 10 November 1997     

中草药对SARS病毒感染的抑制作用

[目的]观察西药配合中成药治疗猕猴奇异变形杆菌性腹泻的疗效。[方法]将63例奇异变形杆菌性腹泻病猴随机分为两组,治疗组41例,予黄连素注射液、藿香正气水等中成药,并配合敏感抗生素治疗;对照组22例,只予抗生素治疗。[结果]治疗组有效率85.4%,对照组59.l%。两组疗效比较,差异显著(P<0.05)。[结论]中西药合治疗效优于单纯抗生素治疗。     

Proteus syndrome in Southern Africa: Natural history and clinical manifestations on six individuals

Six individuals with Proteus syndrome have been investigated; 2 were adults and the others ranged in age from 2 to 11 years. They had a wide spectrum of manifestations and severity together with the hitherto unreported anomalies of penile hypertrophy, macro-orchidism, goiter, and failure of breast development. These findings were associated with normal endocrine function. Bizarre digital overgrowth, hemihypertrophy, thickened palms and soles, exostoses of the skull, and multiple hamartomata were common anomalies. Early overgrowth of limbs and digits occurred in several instances but the ultimate stature of 2 adults was normal. Surgical intervention offers cosmetic and orthopedic benefits, but these must be assessed in the light of potential post-operative complications.     

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis: a new case report and review of the literature

Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by lipomatous hamartomas ranging in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters and affecting the head. Ocular anomalies and a variable degree of mental retardation with or without convulsions are usually observed. This disorder should be distinguished from other mosaic neurocutaneous phenotypes such as Proteus syndrome, oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome, and nevus sebaceous syndrome. We report the clinicopathologic findings of a 4-year-old Brazilian girl affected by this syndrome and review the literature. To our best knowledge, this is the first documented case of encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis occurring sporadically in South America.