X线机安全使用与X线防护

X线机是医疗卫生系统中广泛使用的常规医疗设备,属高电压、有辐射的大中型设备,它不单是诊断设备,又是治疗设备。它在给人们进行检查、诊断、治疗的同时,又可能给人们带来一些损伤,故在日常工作中应注重X线机的安全和防护。     

肠屏障功能的损伤与防护

肠屏障功能障碍是导致全身炎性反应综合征、多器官功能障碍综合征甚至多器官功能衰竭的一个重要因素。在饥饿、创伤、感染等应激状态下,肠屏障功能发生一系列的病理生理改变,导致肠黏膜细胞萎缩、通透性增加、肠道细菌移位。本文综述了影响肠屏障功能的因素,引起肠屏障功能损伤的机制及合理的营养支持途径、谷氨酰胺、生长激素及多肽类生长因子等因素对肠屏障功能的保护作用。     

胃镜室医护人员职业风险及防护

<正>职业风险是近年来学术界提得比较多的问题,它引起了临床工作者的普遍关注。胃镜是近年来医院普遍开展的检查项目,其使用率越来越高,故如何提高胃镜室医护人员职业风险防范能力显得尤为重要。本文对胃镜室医护人员职业风险相关因素进行了分析,并提出相应的防护对策。1医疗职业风险的定义医疗职业风险是指医务人员在职业过程中因不确定因素     

血站采血护士针刺伤的原因分析及防护

目的探讨血站采血护士针刺伤的防范措施，保证护士在采血过程中的安全，避免意外伤害的发生。方法对19名采血护士采取了问卷调查分析。结果新的和低年资采血护士针刺伤比例高，采血护士对针刺伤的危险性认识不足，缺乏自我防护意识，更主要的是未规范处理采血针头，未严格执行操作规程。结论应加强职业安全教育，提高职业防护意识，落实防护措施，建立、健全防护针刺伤的管理制度，确保采血护士的身心健康和安全。     

米诺环素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨米诺环素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制.方法:72只SD雄性大鼠随机分成3组:假手术组(Sham组),缺血再灌注组(Ir组),米诺环素组(M组),每组各4个时相(6h、12h、24h、72h).采用切除右肾,夹闭左肾动脉45min后恢复灌流建立缺血再灌注损伤模型.测定髓过氧化物酶(NPO)活性及血清肌酐(Scr)水平,以反映中性粒细胞活化及肾功能损害的程度.观察肾组织病理学改变及超微结构变化.结果:缺血再灌注组MPO活性和Scr水平升高,米诺环素组明显低于缺血再灌注组,2组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).缺血再灌注组出现明显的肾组织病理学及超微结构损害,米诺环素组上述变化轻于缺血再灌注组.结论:米诺环素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用.     

活化石植物桫椤的资源开发及保护

简单介绍了桫椤的特性、分布、药用、观赏价值以及人工繁育和栽培技术,探讨了桫椤的保护对策和研究展望。     

CM挥发油对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的:探讨CM挥发油对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、硝酸异山梨酯组、CM挥发油大、中、小剂量组。结扎冠状动脉左前降支,60min后恢复血流并持续60min,造成缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察药物对心肌组织磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和对心电图的影响。结果:CM挥发油大、中剂量组能显著降低心肌匀浆中CK活性及MDA的含量,增强SOD活性。各剂量组均能明显降低MDA的含量;同时,CM挥发油各剂量组还能显著降低大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心电图S-T段的偏移(P<0.05,P<0.01),且大剂量组效果最明显。结论:CM挥发油在抗氧化及改善缺血心电图方面对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用。     

Overview of animal test methods for skin irritation

Determining the irritant effects of chemicals in experimental animals provides the public with information on and protection against possible hazards that may arise from exposure of the human skin. Furthermore, the data obtained are used for registration and classification purposes. This paper reviews the methods proposed in the most important guidelines (OECD, EEC and FIFRA guidelines) and points out the critical experimental points. It shows that the introduction of OECD Guideline No. 404 can lead to a reduction in the number of test animals used for skin irritation testing.     

Food deprivation decreases the exertion-induced acid hydrolase response in mouse skeletal muscle

Summary Strenuous prolonged running causes muscle fibre necrosis in skeletal muscles. The muscle injury is associated with inflammation and a strong increase in the total activities of certain acid hydrolases a few days after exertion. The activity changes of acid hydrolases quantitatively well reflect the severity of histopathological changes during the myopathy (for review see Salminen, Acta Physiol Scand [Suppl 539] 1985). In this study male NMRI-mice were exposed to a protocol of fasting and refeeding together with or without a 6 h run on a treadmill at 13.5 m · min^–1 The animals were killed 4 days after the exercise and samples from the red part of quadriceps femoris were analyzed for arylsulfatase (ASase) and -glucuronidase (GUase) activities. Starvation protocols did not affect ASase or GUase. Running caused a 3.2-fold increase in ASase and a 5.1-fold increase in GUase. If mice were exercised in the fasted condition a normal exercise response occurred in both activities, but when mice were exercised 2 days after the finish of fasting the exercise response was greatly diminished. Thus food deprivation followed by 2 days refeeding induces a protection against exercise myopathy in mice. The protection greatly resembles that induced by regular endurance training preceding strenuous prolonged exertion.     

连续性血液滤过对重症胰腺炎诱发组织器官损害的保护作用

目的 :探讨连续性静脉 -静脉血液滤过 (CVVH)对重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)诱发组织器官损害的保护作用。方法 :37例SAP患者随机分为CVVH治疗组 (2 2例 )和对照组 (15例 ) ,对照组采用常规综合治疗方式 ,CVVH治疗组在常规综合治疗的同时 ,行CVVH治疗。两组均同时监测血内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子a(TNF -a)、白介素 - 1β(IL - 1β)、C -反应蛋白 (CRP)及淀粉酶 (AMS)、脂肪酶 (LPS)水平 ,并行血、尿液和滤出液的常规检查 ,以及观察肺、肝、肾、心和脑等脏器功能。结果 :CVVH治疗组对脏器组织的保护作用优于对照组 ,可改善体内炎症状态 ,病死率 (18.2 % )较对照组 (33.3% )低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,平均住院时间 (18.6± 7.2d)亦短于对照组 (2 8.1± 9.2d)。结论 :CVVH对SAP诱发的组织器官的损害具有保护作用。