122例酒精性肝病患者的临床研究

目的探讨酒精性肝病患者的治疗方法与临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院收治的122例酒精性肝病患者的临床资料,所有患者随机分为2组,实验组61例患者在常规治疗的基础上采用阿托莫兰联合易善复进行治疗,对照组61例患者采用常规治疗的方法进行治疗。治疗结束后观察2组的临床疗效。结果实验组的疗效明显高于对照组,2组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论阿托莫兰联合易善复治疗酒精性肝病疗效肯定,能明显改善酒精性肝病患者的临床症状,并促进黄疸的消退,促进肝功能恢复。     

[N‐Methyl‐11C]choline by on‐column reaction: a study on [11C]CH3I incorporation and the residual amount of precursor in the product

[N‐Methyl‐¹¹C]choline has been synthesized at room temperature by the reaction of [¹¹C]CH₃I with 2‐dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE), with the latter directly loaded on a weak cation‐exchange cartridge. Most of the efforts have been directed to reduce the amount of residual precursor in the product's final solution in order to make this tracer more suitable to brain studies. In the process, radiochemical yields and residual DMAE have been placed in relation with both the starting amount of precursor and the rinsing conditions used and compared with the more ‘traditional’ loading of the precursor on either a C18 cartridge or a loop. Comments and indications on the most convenient analytical technique and conditions for quantitative analysis, with particular emphasis on the precursor, are also reported. Under what we believe to be a fair compromise, [¹¹C]CH₃I incorporation yields of ca. 90% were easily achieved with a residual amount of starting material in the 8‐ to 12‐ppm range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Imaging and spectroscopic findings in meningioangiomatosis

Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is an uncommon brain tumor. The role of imaging techniques is underscored in cases where the tumor location makes resection (or even biopsy) dangerous. We report the case of a child with an MA tumor located deep in the right sylvian fissure. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed calcifications in a highly vascular lesion with surrounding edema. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed a distinct choline (Cho) peak, which usually suggests a proliferating tumor. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) showed the lesion lacked hypermetabolic features. These radiological features should put MA in the differential diagnosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:672–674. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

复方脑益康对AD大鼠脑组织ChAT表达的影响

目的:观察中药复方脑益康对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)大鼠脑组织胆碱乙酰基转移酶(choline acetyltransferase,ChAT)表达的影响。方法:采用大鼠双侧Meynert核(nucleus basalis of Meynert,NBM)注射鹅膏蕈氨酸(ibotenic acid,IBO)建立AD动物模型,灌胃给药28 d后,应用免疫组织化学染色和Western-blot印迹分析观察ChAT在AD大鼠额叶皮层的表达。结果:脑益康改善脑组织ChAT阳性神经元的形态及数量、增加ChAT蛋白的表达。结论:脑益康通过促进ChAT蛋白合成,增加乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine,ACh)的合成,从而保护中枢胆碱能神经元。     

激动M_3受体对间隙连接蛋白43表达的影响

目的探索激动心肌M3受体后间隙连接蛋白43的变化情况,进一步发现M3受体作为抗心律失常药物作用新靶点的作用机制。方法通过免疫组化、划痕标记荧光传输技术结合激光共聚焦显微镜和RT-PCR的方法,研究激动M3受体对间隙连接蛋白43表达的影响。结果证实激动M3受体可以改善细胞和细胞之间的通讯,改善病理条件下间隙连接蛋白43的重构,且其磷酸化水平在间隙连接蛋白的重构过程中发挥了重要作用,并且还发现激动M3受体可以恢复病理条件下下降的间隙连接蛋白43的mRNA水平。结论激动M3受体可以改善病理条件下间隙连接蛋白43的重构,并且其磷酸化形式在闰盘重构中发挥重要的作用。     

Effect of Toki-Shakuyaku-San (TJ-23) on the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the brain of menopausal rats

This study was designed to examine the effect of TJ-23 on the synthesis of acetylcholine menopausal rats. TJ-23 (500 mg/kg body weight) was administered daily through drinking water for either 1 or 3 months. Treatment with TJ-23 for 1 month resulted in an increase in the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in the ventral hippocampus, but there was no statistically significant change in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex. Treatment with TJ-23 for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the ChAT activity in the frontoparietal cortex, but there was no statistically significant change in the hippocampus. Furthermore, treatment with TJ-23 for 3 months resulted in a decrease in the ChAT activity in the amygdala-pyriform cortex complex. From these observations, it is inferred that TJ-23 treatment brings on the synthesis of acetylcholine in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and furthermore, treatment with the same regimen brings on different time sequences of acetylcholine synthesis in the frontoparietal cerebral cortex and hippocampus in menopausal rats.     

Distribution of high affinity choline transporter immunoreactivity in the primate central nervous system

A mouse monoclonal antibody (clone 62-2E8) raised against a human recombinant high-affinity choline transporter (CHT)-glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein was used to determine the distribution of immunoreactive profiles containing this protein in the monkey central nervous system (CNS). Within the monkey telencephalon, CHT-immunoreactive perikarya were found in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, medial septum, vertical and horizontal limb nuclei of the diagonal band, nucleus basalis complex, and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Dense fiber staining was observed within the islands of Calleja, olfactory tubercle, hippocampal complex, amygdala; moderate to light fiber staining was seen in iso- and limbic cortices. CHT-containing fibers were also present in sensory and limbic thalamic nuclei, preoptic and hypothalamic areas, and the floccular lobe of the cerebellum. In the brainstem, CHT-immunoreactive profiles were observed in the pedunculopontine and dorsolateral tegmental nuclei, the Edinger-Westphal, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, ambiguus, dorsal vagal motor, and hypoglossal nuclei. In the spinal cord, CHT-immunoreactive ventral horn motoneurons were seen in close apposition to intensely immunoreactive C-terminals at the level of the cervical spinal cord. CHT immunostaining revealed a similar distribution of labeled profiles in the aged human brain and spinal cord. Dual fluorescent confocal microscopy revealed that the majority of CHT immunoreactive neurons contained the specific cholinergic marker, choline acetyltransferase, at all levels of the monkey CNS. The present observations indicate that the present CHT antibody labels cholinergic structures within the primate CNS and provides an additional marker for the investigation of cholinergic neuronal function in aging and disease.     

Autonomic and motor neuron death is progressive and parallel in a lumbosacral ventral root avulsion model of cauda equina injury

Injuries to the cauda equina of the spinal cord result in autonomic and motor neuron dysfunction. We developed a rodent lumbosacral ventral root avulsion injury model of cauda equina injury to investigate the lesion effect in the spinal cord. We studied the retrograde effects of a unilateral L5-S2 ventral root avulsion on efferent preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (PPNs) and pelvic motoneurons in the L6 and S1 segments at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively in the adult male rat. We used Fluoro-Gold-prelabeling techniques, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative stereologic analysis to show an injury-induced progressive and parallel death of PPNs and motoneurons. At 6 weeks after injury, only 22% of PPNs and 16% of motoneurons remained. Furthermore, of the neurons that survived at 6 weeks, the soma volume was reduced by 25% in PPNs and 50% in motoneurons. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) protein was expressed in only 30% of PPNs, but 80% of motoneurons remaining at 1 week postoperatively, suggesting early differential effects between these two neuronal types. However, all remaining PPNs and motoneurons were ChAT positive at 4 weeks postoperatively. Nuclear condensation and cleaved caspase-3 were detected in axotomized PPNs and motoneurons, suggesting apoptosis as a contributing mechanism of the neural death. We conclude that lumbosacral ventral root avulsions progressively deplete autonomic and motor neurons. The findings suggest that early neuroprotection will be an important consideration in future attempts of treating acute cauda equina injuries.     

Immediate replacement of single upper posterior teeth: a report of cases

Background: The immediate replacement of upper molar teeth with implants poses a significant challenge to the clinician because of its sinus involvement. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to report a protocol in which single molar teeth are replaced immediately with implants, minimizing the need for other surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: This protocol has been employed in eight cases. Briefly, the teeth are extracted atraumatically, the sockets evaluated, an osteotomy performed following the direction of the socket, and a wide diameter implant placed using the socket walls and sinus floor to anchor it. A grafting material is placed when the space between implant and socket wall is considerably large. Three cases are reviewed here, and all eight are summarized. Results: All cases have excellent soft and hard tissue healing after 6 months. Furthermore, the overall time needed to restore the cases has been considerably reduced and the need for sinus management eliminated. Conclusion: The cases presented support the use of the described protocol in the placement of implants in maxillary molar areas without any other sinus procedures.     

Porcine hepatic phospholipid efflux during reperfusion after cold ischemia

BACKGROUND: Cold preservation produces hepatic injury that is difficult to assess during early reperfusion. The value of reperfusion plasma choline phospholipid in predicting subsequent organ function is documented in these studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Livers of female Yorkshire pigs were prepared for transplantation. After 2 h of cold ischemia the reperfusion plasma was evaluated for choline phospholipid and cholesterol. These values were correlated with bile secretion, hepatic hemodynamics, oxygen uptake, and plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase levels. RESULTS: The isolated porcine liver demonstrates a rapid efflux of choline phospholipids into plasma during early reperfusion after cold preservation. After this initial efflux no subsequent plasma increment occurred. These choline-phospholipid increments were isolated in plasma higher density (d > 1.063) lipoproteins and were not accompanied by equivalent increases in cholesterol. Neither biliary reflux nor lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase abnormalities contributed appreciably to the phospholipid increments in reperfusion plasma. Livers with the largest efflux of choline phospholipids had the most impaired circulatory and bile secretory function at 4 h of reperfusion. CONCLUSION: The immediate increase of choline phospholipids, particularly lysophosphatidylcholine, in reperfusion plasma after cold ischemia provides an index of the injury occurring during this interval and correlates with early organ function.