Amacrine cells,bipolar cells and ganglion cells of the cat retina: A Golgi study

Neuronal types contributing to the inner plexiform layer of the cat retina are described based primarily on light microscopy of Golgi-impregnated retinal whole-mounts. Cells have been characterized on morphological criteria that include dendritic branching patterns, dendritic tree sizes, cell body sizes and stratification of processes in the inner plexiform layer. Nine different types of bipolar cell, 22 different types of amacrine cell and 23 different types of ganglion cell can be distinguished using one or more of these morphological criteria. The significance of the different morphological types of cells is discussed, particularly in relationship to the functional bisublamination of the cat inner plexiform layer.     

临床医学成教专升本生理学教学的探索

在临床医学成教专升本生理学教学中,开展系列生理学专题讲座及学生读书报告会的教学改革,有效地调动了学生的学习主动性,促进了学生能力的培养和综合素质的提高.     

在沉默中爆发——2006年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖简介

2006年10月2日,瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究院宣布,2006年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给2位美国科学家:Andrew Z.F ire和Craig C.M ello,以表彰其在RNA干扰双链RNA引发的基因沉默领域所做出的杰出贡献。本文从2位获奖科学家的简介,主要贡献,RNA干扰发现的意义以及该奖项存在的遗憾等方面进行综述。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下生理学线上教学的探索与反思

面对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情向课堂教学提出的挑战，齐齐哈尔医学院生理学教学团队构建了基于"小规模限制性在线课程（small private online course，SPOC）+同步直播"的混合式教学，开展线上教学。经过团队成员的共同努力，开展线上教学4周以来教学秩序稳定，教学效果良好。本文以236名2019级护理本科生生理学教学为例，介绍了疫情形势下线上教学的教学设计、实施措施、教学效果以及教学反思，为进一步推进疫情防控期间医学高等院校线上教学工作提供实践经验。     

Modification by food of the calcium absorbability and physicochemical effects of calcium citrate.

The food-calcium (Ca) interaction was examined in 12 healthy women (mean age 38 years) maintained on a constant metabolic diet. They underwent three phases of study, comprised of control (no Ca), Ca citrate (1 g Ca/day) during meals, and Ca citrate separately from meals. Each phase was 7 days in length and two 24-hour urine samples were collected on days 6 and 7. The rise from the control phase in urinary Ca was slightly more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals than without (68 and 62%, respectively). The fall in urinary phosphorus was equivalent at about 25% between Ca citrate phases. The rise in urinary citrate and pH and the decline in urinary ammonium were more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals; however, the changes were small or nonsignificant. The urinary saturation of Ca oxalate, brushite or monosodium urate did not differ between the two Ca citrate phases. There was a nonsignificant rise in serum iron during Ca citrate phases. The results suggest that: 1) dissolution and absorption of Ca citrate might be slightly greater when given with food than without; 2) that the ability of Ca citrate to attenuate crystallization of stone-forming Ca salts in urine is not modified by food; and 3) that Ca citrate may not impair iron absorption from food.     

Suppressive effect of acetylcholine on automaticity of cannine atrioventricular node

The effects of acetylcholine on the spontaneous activity of the AV node of dog hearts were studied by recording transmembrane potentials of its fibers. Action potentials of most nodal fibers were characterized by prominent phase 4 depolarization and a smooth transition from phases 4 to 0. On the isolated AV nodes, acetylcholine at 1.0 μg/m1 suppressed the rate of phase 4 depolarization and increased the amplitude of the maximum diastolic potential, resulting in a slowing of spontaneous activity. At 2.0 μg/m1, spontaneous activity was completely suppressed. In comparison, spontaneous activity of the isolated His bundle was relatively insensitive to the suppressive effect of acetylcholine at the same concentrations. In the AV node-His bundle preparations in which the AV node was the pacemaker, acetylcholine decreased spontaneous activity by suppressing the phase 4 depolarization of the nodal fibers and shifted the pacemaker of the preparation to the His bundle. The findings provide a basis for predicting that under strong vagal influence, the automaticity of the AV node will be suppressed and the pacemaker of the junctional rhythm will be located at the His bundle.