苍术、黄柏及二妙丸超细微粉的生物药剂学的研究 Ⅰ．扫描电子显微镜技术对超细微粉的表征

目的　为了表征苍术、黄柏及二妙丸的超细微粉 ,了解其理化特性。方法　采用扫描电子显微镜、生物显微鉴别、粒径、松密度及比表面积测定等方法对中药普通粉和超细微粉进行了表征。结果　超细微粉颗粒大小均匀 ,90 %小于 2 0 μm,比表面提高 6 0 %～ 190 % ,松密度约为 0 .42 g/ cm3,绝大多数细胞被破碎。结论　苍术、黄柏及二妙丸经超细微化后 ,粉末颗粒大小均匀 ,球性度及均质度明显改善 ;松密度及比表面显著提高 ,植物细胞破壁率高。     

Butanol extract of 1:1 mixture of Phellodendron cortex and Aralia cortex stimulates PI3-kinase and ERK2 with increase of glycogen levels in HepG2 cells

Extracts of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. cortex and Aralia cortex (P55A) have been used traditionally by Koreans to treat diabetes. We tested the extracts of P55A to determine if they could mimic insulin actions such as activation of ERK2, PI₃-kinase and glycogen synthesis in liver cells. The butanol extract of P55A activated ERK2 in the cytosol and nucleus of HepG2 cells; the extent of ERK2 activation was much higher in the nucleus. More strikingly, the butanol extract significantly increased the level of glycogen in HepG2 cells. Association of PI₃-kinase and IRS-1 in the cytoplasm was also stimulated by the butanol extract of P55A. These results suggest that active component(s) of the butanol extract of P55A could regulate blood glucose levels by activating ERK2 and PI₃-kinase and by stimulation of glycogen synthesis in the liver. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄芩和黄柏对耐甲氧西林金葡萄球菌的疗效对比观察

目的了解黄芩和黄柏对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的体外抗菌活性。方法用琼脂扩散法和琼脂稀释法,检测黄芩和黄柏对100株MRSA的体外抗菌活性。结果黄芩对MRSA的MIC50、MIC90分别为0.84、6.7mg。黄柏对MRSA的MIC50、MIC90分别1.48、11.8mg。结论与黄柏相比较,黄芩更适合作为MRSA敏感的抗菌药物用于临床治疗。     

黄柏类药材颜色数量分类探讨

通过收集市场上黄柏类药材的商品28批样品,利用分光测色仪测量其外表面、内表面、断面的颜色Lab色彩空间值,采用Ward联接法和平方Euclidean距离对28组数值进行聚类分析。同时邀请"国医大师"金世元教授依据传统经验对28批黄柏样品进行鉴定、质量评价和分级。将传统经验结果与分光测色仪测量分析结果进行比较。结果显示,黄柏类药材可以通过颜色数值聚类成关黄柏和川黄柏,并按照质量进行分类,且与传统经验鉴别结果具有高度一致性。     

基于指纹图谱和多成分含量测定的关黄柏及川黄柏差异性研究

目的 采用HPLC法建立关黄柏及川黄柏药材指纹图谱,并同时测定5种有效成分的含量,评价关黄柏及川黄柏药材的质量差异。方法 运用HPLC法分别建立10批关黄柏药材和10批川黄柏药材指纹图谱,通过对照品比对,对共有峰进行指认,并测定5种有效成分的含量;对关黄柏及川黄柏药材指纹图谱进行相似度评价,并利用主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA）方法对关黄柏及川黄柏中差异性成分进行分析。结果 关黄柏和川黄柏药材指纹图谱有6个共有峰,指认出其中5个峰,分别是木兰花碱、盐酸药根碱、小檗红碱、巴马汀、小檗碱。通过PCA和OPLS-DA分析筛得关黄柏与川黄柏的3个差异性标志物,分别为木兰花碱、巴马汀和小檗碱,其中巴马汀的含量差异最显著。结论 该方法能有效分析关黄柏及川黄柏质量的差异性,为关黄柏及川黄柏的质量评价与控制提供参考。     

Direct analysis of traditional Chinese medicines using surface‐enhanced raman scattering (SERS)

Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectrometry provides an excellent tool to characterize chemical constituents in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) without requiring separation and extraction procedures. This study involved the use of SERS to analyze two TCMs, namely Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron amurense, and their main active constituent, berberine. Using silver nanospheres as SERS‐active probes, the decoctions of two raw TCMs and their counterfeits were analyzed. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the expected Raman spectrum of berberine, and liquid chromatography‐ mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was used as a comparative technique to quantify the amount of berberine in the samples. The results of the SERS measurements were consistent with the results of DFT calculations and LCMS analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the potential of SERS was demonstrated as a sensitive, rapid, and non‐destructive method to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the active constituents in raw TCM products. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HPLC法同时测定川黄柏中盐酸黄柏碱和盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的:建立同时测定川黄柏中盐酸黄柏碱和盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Waters XTERRA?MS C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(每100 ml中加0.1 g十二烷基磺酸钠,梯度洗脱),检测波长为284 nm(盐酸黄柏碱)和265 nm(盐酸小檗碱),流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为30℃。结果:盐酸黄柏碱和盐酸小檗碱的质量浓度分别在9.45²36.15、74.77236.15、74.77¹ 869.25 mg/L范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r分别为0.999 1、0.999 8);二者精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD≤1.55%;平均加样回收率分别为97.47%1 869.25 mg/L范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r分别为0.999 1、0.999 8);二者精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD≤1.55%;平均加样回收率分别为97.47%⁹8.24%、95.03%98.24%、95.03%⁹5.63%,RSD分别为0.39%95.63%,RSD分别为0.39%⁰.93%、0.42%0.93%、0.42%⁰.93%(n均为3)。结论:该方法简便、快速、专属性强,可有效评价川黄柏中盐酸黄柏碱和盐酸小檗碱的质量。     

苍术、黄柏及二妙丸超细微粉的生物药剂学的研究Ⅰ.扫描电子显微镜技术对超细微粉的表征

目的　为了表征苍术、黄柏及二妙丸的超细微粉 ,了解其理化特性。方法　采用扫描电子显微镜、生物显微鉴别、粒径、松密度及比表面积测定等方法对中药普通粉和超细微粉进行了表征。结果　超细微粉颗粒大小均匀 ,90 %小于 2 0 μm,比表面提高 6 0 %～ 190 % ,松密度约为 0 .42 g/ cm3,绝大多数细胞被破碎。结论　苍术、黄柏及二妙丸经超细微化后 ,粉末颗粒大小均匀 ,球性度及均质度明显改善 ;松密度及比表面显著提高 ,植物细胞破壁率高。