Spatiotemporal analysis of event-related potentials to upright, inverted, and contrast-reversed faces: effects on encoding and recognition

In an n-back face recognition task where subjects responded to repeated stimuli, ERPs were recorded to upright, inverted, and contrast-reversed faces. The effects of inversion and contrast reversal on face encoding and recognition were investigated using the multivariate spatiotemporal partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The configural manipulations affected early processing (100-200 ms) at posterior sites: Inversion effects were parietal and lateral, whereas contrast-reversal effects were more occipital and medial, suggesting different underlying generators. A later reactivation of face processing areas was unique to inverted faces, likely due to processing difficulties. PLS also indicated that the "old-new" repetition effect was maximal for upright faces and likely involved frontotemporal areas. Marked processing differences between inverted and contrast-reversed faces were seen, but these effects were similar at encoding and recognition.     

血管内介入治疗脑动静脉畸形

目的 探讨血管内栓塞治疗脑动静脉畸形(AVM)的临床效果和安全性．方法 应用血管内栓塞治疗脑AVMll例，栓塞剂为NBCA，栓塞后3例行手术切除，3例行γ-刀治疗．结果 1例完全栓塞，5例栓塞70％—90％，3例栓塞50％—70％，2例栓塞小于50％．生活、工作完全正常治愈5例，症状明显改善4例，症状无改善2例．结论 血管内栓塞治疗脑AVM的方法是相对安全的，可治愈部分脑AVM，对于大型、重要功能区的脑AVM，血管内栓塞联合手术或放疗可提高治愈率，降低致残率和死亡率．     

Morphologic evaluation of the liver in hereditary angioedema patients on long-term treatment with androgen derivatives

17 alpha-Alkylated androgens are highly effective in preventing attacks in HAE patients. These drugs, however, seem to be implicated in the development of cholestatic jaundice, peliosis hepatis, and liver tumors. In order to assess the risk-benefit balance of the long-term therapy with androgen derivatives, a follow-up investigation was performed in 13 HAE patients. The results of this study indicate that long-term treatment (15 to 47 mo) with low doses of danazol or stanozolol does not induce significant hepatic damage detectable by laboratory tests or liver biopsy. However, the limited number of patients, although in a rather long period of observation, still suggests a careful control and the use of minimal effective doses.     

肾母细胞瘤经动脉化疗栓塞术疗效机制探讨

目的： 探讨肾母细胞瘤术前经动脉化疗栓塞的疗效机制。方法: 17例肾母细胞瘤患儿介入治疗后再行肿瘤切除，另 22例行单纯手术切除。对照分析2组肾母细胞瘤样本中细胞和间质的变化，采用原位细胞凋亡(TUNEL 法) 检测瘤细胞凋亡，并通过免疫组化法检测瘤细胞P53、Bcl-2 和Bax蛋白的表达。术后随访2年以上。结果: 介入组与单纯手术组的肿瘤坏死区域平均面积分别为60%、15 %（Uc = 2.84）；肿瘤组织呈X₃、X₄退变者分别为58.8%（10/17）和4.55%（1/22）（2c= 11.4）、间质纤维组织增生程度中、重度变化者分别为64.7%（11/17）和18.2%（4/22）（Uc = 2.72）、淋巴细胞侵润者分别为70.6%（12/17）和18.2%（4/22）（2c=10.9），2组有显著差异（P<0.01）；介入组肿瘤细胞分裂指数的中位数为0.2/10高倍视野，明显低于单纯手术组的1.4/10高倍视野（Uc = 54.50 ，P<0.01）；94.9(37/39)的病例中均有不同数量的阳性凋亡细胞出现。介入组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数的中位数为25.9/10高倍视野，明显高于单纯手术组的12.8/10高倍视野（Uc = 117.00，P<0.05）。P53和Bcl-2蛋白表达与瘤细胞凋亡及分化程度均无相关性（P>0.05），但Bax 蛋白在介入组瘤细胞表达率（80.0%）明显高于单纯手术组（40.0%），差异显著（P<0.05）。介入组2年无瘤生存率为73.3%（11/15），单纯手术组为42.9%（6/14）。结论: 经动脉化疗栓塞治疗能够有效杀伤肿瘤细胞、抑制肿瘤生长，诱导由Bax蛋白介导的肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

Failure of autotransplantation of the spleen in dogs: an anatomic, radionuclide imaging, and pathologic study

Although splenic autotransplantation is successful in mice and rats, with regeneration occurring in any location, no extensive study had been performed on dogs. We transplanted the spleen into subcutaneous and intraperitoneal locations on 40 dogs. Four to six months later, splenic scanning and reexploration was carried out. Spleens were removed, weighed, and microscopic sections were made. Months later, no uptake was present on scanning, weight was less than 6% of original weight, and little identifiable splenic tissue was present on microscopic sections. When 15 small sections were transplanted to the omentum in a "necklace" fashion, good uptake and preservation were seen after six months. The small amount of spleen transplanted by this method, however, makes this an unsatisfactory option. We conclude, therefore that our large-animal experiments do not provide a basis on which to recommend autotransplantation of the spleen in humans. Preservation of splenic tissue by splenorrhaphy is still the treatment of choice.     

Partial epilepsy in neurologically normal children: clinical syndromes and prognosis

A clinical and electroencephalographic study of 107 neurologically normal children with partial seizures was undertaken to verify the existence and determine the frequency of epileptic syndromes reported in selected populations. Sixty-three children had simple partial seizures, 39 had complex partial seizures, and 5 children were unclassifiable. The syndrome of benign partial epilepsy of children with rolandic spikes (BPEC, 38 cases) was clearly identified and its uniformly benign final prognosis was confirmed even if some of these children had at times severe or poorly controlled seizures. Among the children with simple partial seizures outside the BPEC (25 cases) and complex partial seizures (39 cases), no homogeneous clinical or electroclinical subgroup could be found. Two children with benign partial epilepsy and myoclonic-astatic seizures ("atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood") and one child with "benign epilepsy with occipital spike-waves" were identified. 74% of children with epilepsy with complex partial seizures (ECP) had a 1-year seizure-free interval, and many children with epilepsy with simple partial seizures outside the BPEC group (ESP) had no more than two seizures. A benign course is thus not limited to the BPEC but is difficult to predict. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm the existence of well-defined benign syndromes among the idiopathic partial epilepsies of childhood, which appear quite rare outside the BPEC.     

Amphetamine does not affect the partial punishment effect (PPE)

The effects of amphetamine on the partial punishment effect (PPE) at one trial per day, were examined. Two groups of animals were trained to run in a straight alley. The continuously reinforced (CRF) group received food reward on every trial. The partially punished (PP) group received food reward on every trial but in addition, received footshocks of a gradually increasing intensity in the goal box on a random 50% of the trials. In the test stage, all animals received both food and footshock on each trial. dl-Amphetamine 1.5 mg/kg was administered in a 2 × 2 design, i.e. drug-no drug in training and drug-no drug in test. The partially punished animals exhibited increased persitence in running to the goal box during test, and this partial punishment effect was unaffected by amphetamine.     

脾氨肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果及对炎性因子、免疫功能的影响

目的探讨脾氨肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果及对炎性因子、免疫功能的影响。方法选取2018年2月至2020年2月我院收治的支气管哮喘患儿84例,随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。对照组给予布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用脾氨肽治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、炎性因子及免疫功能。结果观察组治疗总有效率为95.24%,高于对照组的80.95%(P <0.05)。治疗1个月后,两组的hs-CRP、 IL-6、 IgE水平降低,且观察组的hs-CRP、 IL-6、IgE水平低于对照组(P <0.05);两组的CD4⁺、 CD8⁺水平升高,且观察组的CD4⁺、 CD8⁺水平高于对照组(P <0.05)。结论脾氨肽联合布地奈德雾化吸入治疗小儿支气管哮喘效果显著,可显著降低患儿体内炎性因子,提升免疫功能。     

喉部分切除术81例的疗效分析

目的：探讨喉部分切除术的疗效及修复方法。方法：回顾分析1980年1999年施行喉部分切除术81例的临床资料,其中声门上型喉癌22例、声门型喉癌59例。结果：声门上型喉癌3、5年生存率分别为66．7％、63．2％,声门型喉癌3、5年生存率分别为87．2％、80．5％。拔管率声门上型喉癌为77．2％（17／22）,声门型喉癌为93．2％（55／59）。结论：喉部分切除术能保留大部分患者喉的呼吸及发声功能,是根治喉癌的有效术式。     

外伤性脾破裂24例非手术治疗体会

目的总结外伤性脾破裂非手术治疗经验.方法回顾性分析自1995年1月～1999年12月收治的非手术治疗的24例外伤性脾破裂的致伤原因、伤情等级、诊断方法、治疗措施以及非手术治疗失败的原因.结果本组22例非手术治疗成功,并得到6个月以上的随访或B超复查证实无并发症.2例治疗失败中转手术治疗.本组无死亡.结论脾脏具有重要的生理功能,严格掌握适应证,密切监测病情变化,合理正确运用治疗措施,外伤性脾破裂的非手术治疗是安全有效的.