气囊助产术临床应用分析

目的探讨气囊助产仪在临床分娩中的作用。方法随机选择初产妇1226例，观察组613例（应用气囊助产），对照组613例。观察两组产妇的产程、分娩方式及围产情况。结果观察组的第一、二产程与总产程明显缩短；阴道分娩率大大提高、剖宫产率降低、新生儿1min Apgar评分、产后2h出血量及母乳喂养情况与对照组相比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）；宫颈撕伤率、产后感染率两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论气囊助产术可缩短产程，减少产妇疼痛，降低软产道损伤，增加阴道分娩率，降低剖宫产率，减少产后出血和产后尿潴留。     

改良根治术治疗Ⅱ期乳腺癌

目的:总结Ⅱ期乳腺癌采用改良根治术的远期效果。方法:63例Ⅱ期乳腺癌采用改良根治术,31例采用标准根治术。治疗后随访5年。比较2种术式与病人生存率的关系。结果:改良根治术与标准根治术2组病人的5年生存率为79.6%和77.6%,差异无显著意义。结论:Ⅱ期乳腺癌采用改良根治术与标准根治术远期效果相同。     

Computed tomography in the diagnosis and prognosis of open-globe injuries

OBJECTIVE: Determine sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic signs of orbital and ocular computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing patients with open globe injury. DESIGN: Randomized masked review of computed tomograms and retrospective clinical correlation of patients with ocular trauma. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred patients who underwent CT evaluation for ocular trauma between 1989 and 1993. METHODS: CTs were read by three masked observers; findings were tabulated and compared for variability among observers; sensitivity and specificity were calculated and CT findings were grouped according to visual outcome retrieved from record review. RESULTS: In the absence of clinical information, sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 93%, respectively. The positive predictive value ranged from 88% to 97%, with a calculated overall positive predictive value of 95%. Patients who had a poor visual outcome (visual acuity <2/200) or who underwent enucleation had significantly more CT findings than patients with a good visual outcome. Vitreous hemorrhage, absence of lens, and severe distortion of vitreous space are among the most common CT findings associated with poor visual outcome. CONCLUSIONS: CT is not sensitive enough to be solely relied upon for diagnosis of all open globe injuries. CT findings only complement clinical findings, increasing the clinician's overall ability to make an accurate diagnosis of open globe injury, and may provide useful prognostic information regarding visual outcome.     

Diagnostic considerations of tongue-base malignancies

Summary Forty-two patients with malignancies localized to the base of the tongue were treated at Sahlgrenska Hospital between 1971 and 1980. These patients were re-analyzed with respect to symptomatology and clinical outcome. Pain in the mouth, throat, and ears as well as swallowing difficulties were the most frequent overt symptoms of disease. In general, patients experienced symptoms for at least 3 months before a positive tumor diagnosis was made. In all, 75% of the patients were found to have large tumors which extended beyond the base of the tongue. Most of the patients were treated with irradiation. The overall 3-year survival rate was 28%, while individual patient survival was related to the size of the primary tumor and to the occurrence of lymph node metastases. Careful attention to symptomatology may reduce delays in establishing an accurate diagnosis and consequently improve the prognosis for patients with these cancers.     

Intrapartum to postpartum changes in colloid osmotic pressure

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of route of delivery on plasma colloid osmotic pressure. Plasma colloid osmotic pressure was measured on admission to the hospital and 8 to 24 hours post partum in 72 patients at term with uncomplicated prenatal histories. Thirty-six patients underwent uncomplicated vaginal deliveries (local anesthesia, 18; conduction anesthesia, 18) and 36 patients had cesarean sections (conduction anesthesia, 18; general anesthesia, 18). The mean (+/- SD) intrapartum colloid osmotic pressure of the overall group was 21.0 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, and it declined significantly (p less than 0.01) to 15.4 +/- 2.1 mm Hg post partum. A comparison of the intrapartum and postpartum reductions in colloid osmotic pressure between patients who underwent vaginal delivery and those who underwent cesarean section revealed no significant differences. Furthermore, the mean reductions in colloid osmotic pressure when all four groups were compared by type of anesthesia were not significantly different. Fifteen patients (20.8%) in the study had a postpartum colloid osmotic pressure of less than 13.6 mm Hg, and five (6.9%) had a postpartum colloid pressure of less than 12.5 mm Hg. Our results indicate that, for normal pregnancy, colloid osmotic pressure is uniformly lowered in the post partum and, in some cases, to levels that have been reported to be dangerously low.